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Exam question 2 · Snap! Breaking a bone

It is given that a child's fractured forearm has become displaced. State the principal reason for which the fracture is reduced.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: fractured forearm · What happens: give, fracture, become, displace, reduce · To what, where: It, fracture

This is exam question 2 of lesson 1 «Snap! Breaking a bone» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: It is given that a child's fractured forearm has become displaced.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 given	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 given	aux:pass
3	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	11 become	mark
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 child	det
6	child	child	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 forearm	nmod:poss
7	's	's	PART	_	6 child	case
8	fractured	fracture	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 forearm	amod
9	forearm	forearm	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 become	nsubj
10	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 become	aux
11	become	become	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	3 given	advcl
12	displaced	displace	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 become	xcomp
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 given	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	present · passive		It					vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	fracture	participle							vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
3	become	present · perfect	a child's fractured forearm						tree rules
4	displace	participle	a child's fractured forearm not said here						tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: State the principal reason for which the fracture is reduced.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	State	state	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 reason	compound
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 reduced	obl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 fracture	det
8	fracture	fracture	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 reduced	nsubj:pass
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 reduced	aux:pass
10	reduced	reduce	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 reason	acl:relcl
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 reason	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	reduce	present · passive		the fracture				for the State principal reason	vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Bone unites in whatever position it is held

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bone	bone	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 unites	compound
2	unites	unite	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	in	in	ADP	_	5 position	case
4	whatever	whatever	DET	PronType=Int	5 position	det
5	position	position	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 unites	nmod
6	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 held	nsubj:pass
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 held	aux:pass
8	held	hold	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 position	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hold	present · passive	whatever position not said here	position					vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 2

Reduction prevents all subsequent swelling

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Reduction	reduction	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 prevents	nsubj
2	prevents	prevent	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	5 swelling	det
4	subsequent	subsequent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 swelling	amod
5	swelling	swelling	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 prevents	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	prevent	present	Reduction	all subsequent swelling					vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer swelling=Theme

Option 3

Reduction is required prior to any radiograph

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Reduction	reduction	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 required	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 required	aux:pass
3	required	require	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	prior	prior	ADJ	Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP	7 radiograph	case
5	to	to	ADP	_	4 prior	fixed
6	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	7 radiograph	det
7	radiograph	radiograph	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 required	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	require	present · passive		Reduction				prior any radiograph	vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Precondition

Option 4

Reduction accelerates healing to a matter of days

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Reduction	reduction	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 accelerates	nsubj
2	accelerates	accelerate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	healing	heal	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 accelerates	xcomp
4	to	to	ADP	_	6 matter	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 matter	det
6	matter	matter	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 healing	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 days	case
8	days	day	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 matter	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	accelerate	present	Reduction						tree rules
2	heal	gerund	Reduction not said here					to a matter of days	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
3	matter		days						nom matter «cognition intransitive»: of=agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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