Exam question 1 · Vaccinations and why

Identify the mechanism by which a vaccine confers protection against disease.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, vaccine · What happens: identify, confer · To what, where: mechanism, protection

This is exam question 1 of lesson 29 «Vaccinations and why» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 mechanism	det
3	mechanism	mechanism	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 which	case
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 confers	obl
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 vaccine	det
7	vaccine	vaccine	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 confers	nsubj
8	confers	confer	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 mechanism	acl:relcl
9	protection	protection	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 confers	obj
10	against	against	ADP	_	11 disease	case
11	disease	disease	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 confers	obl
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the mechanism					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent mechanism=Theme
2	confer	present	a vaccine	protection				by the mechanism; against disease	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

The body temperature is permanently raised

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 temperature	det
2	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 temperature	compound
3	temperature	temperature	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 raised	nsubj:pass
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 raised	aux:pass
5	permanently	permanently	ADV	_	6 raised	advmod
6	raised	raise	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	raise	present · passive		the body temperature				permanently property	vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The immune system is trained to recognise the pathogen in advance

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 system	det
2	immune	immune	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 system	compound
3	system	system	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 trained	nsubj:pass
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 trained	aux:pass
5	trained	train	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	to	to	PART	_	7 recognise	mark
7	recognise	recognise	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 trained	xcomp
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 pathogen	det
9	pathogen	pathogen	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 recognise	obj
10	in	in	ADP	_	11 advance	case
11	advance	advance	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 recognise	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	train	present · passive		the immune system					vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP to be NP»: subject=Theme clause=Attribute
2	recognise	to-infinitive	the immune system not said here	the pathogen		advance			vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer pathogen=Stimulus

Option 3

The pathogen is destroyed within the bloodstream by antibiotics

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 pathogen	det
2	pathogen	pathogen	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 destroyed	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 destroyed	aux:pass
4	destroyed	destroy	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	within	within	ADP	_	7 bloodstream	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 bloodstream	det
7	bloodstream	bloodstream	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 destroyed	obl
8	by	by	ADP	_	9 antibiotics	case
9	antibiotics	antibiotic	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 destroyed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	destroy	present · passive	antibiotics	the pathogen				within the bloodstream	vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient

Option 4

The skin is rendered impermeable to pathogens

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 skin	det
2	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 rendered	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 rendered	aux:pass
4	rendered	render	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	impermeable	impermeable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 rendered	xcomp
6	to	to	ADP	_	7 pathogens	case
7	pathogens	pathogen	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 rendered	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	render	present · passive		the skin	pathogens			impermeable property	vn give-13.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: subject=Theme to pathogen=Recipient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/medicine/29-vaccinations-and-why/e1/