Exam question 1 · Sprains, strains and bruises

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a sprain?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: sprain

This is exam question 1 of lesson 3 «Sprains, strains and bruises» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 sprain	det
10	sprain	sprain	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		a sprain				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

An injury confined to the fibres of a muscle

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	An	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 injury	det
2	injury	injury	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	confined	confine	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 injury	acl
4	to	to	ADP	_	6 fibres	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 fibres	det
6	fibres	fibre	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 confined	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 muscle	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 muscle	det
9	muscle	muscle	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 fibres	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	confine	participle		a injury not said here		the fibres of a muscle			vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent to fibre=Destination

Option 2

A collection of blood beneath the skin following a blow

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 collection	det
2	collection	collection	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 blood	case
4	blood	blood	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 collection	nmod
5	beneath	beneath	ADP	_	7 skin	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 skin	det
7	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 collection	nmod
8	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 collection	acl
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 blow	det
10	blow	blow	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 following	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund	a collection of blood beneath the skin not said here	a blow					vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent blow=Theme

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

An injury in which the ligaments of a joint are stretched or partially torn

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	An	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 injury	det
2	injury	injury	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	in	in	ADP	_	4 which	case
4	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 stretched	obl
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 ligaments	det
6	ligaments	ligament	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 stretched	nsubj:pass
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 joint	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 joint	det
9	joint	joint	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 ligaments	nmod
10	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 stretched	aux:pass
11	stretched	stretch	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 injury	acl:relcl
12	or	or	CCONJ	_	14 torn	cc
13	partially	partially	ADV	_	14 torn	advmod
14	torn	tear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 stretched	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stretch	present · passive		the ligaments of a joint				in a injury	vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: subject=Patient in which=Topic
2	tear	participle						partially property	vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

A fracture of the bone adjacent to a joint, with no injury to soft tissue

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 fracture	det
2	fracture	fracture	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 bone	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 bone	det
5	bone	bone	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 fracture	nmod
6	adjacent	adjacent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 bone	amod
7	to	to	ADP	_	9 joint	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 joint	det
9	joint	joint	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 adjacent	obl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 injury	punct
11	with	with	ADP	_	13 injury	case
12	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	13 injury	det
13	injury	injury	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 fracture	conj
14	to	to	ADP	_	16 tissue	case
15	soft	soft	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 tissue	amod
16	tissue	tissue	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 injury	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fracture			the bone					nom fracture «state transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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