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Test 10 · ★ · Germs, the immune system and hand-washing

In the 1800s a doctor says illness comes from bad smells. What showed he was wrong?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: doctor, illness · What happens: say, come, show, be · To what, where: 1800s, bad smells · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 10 · ★ of lesson 30 «Germs, the immune system and hand-washing» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In the 1800s a doctor says illness comes from bad smells.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 1800s	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 1800s	det
3	1800s	1800	NOUN	Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card	6 says	obl
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 doctor	det
5	doctor	doctor	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 says	nsubj
6	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	illness	illness	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 comes	nsubj
8	comes	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 says	ccomp
9	from	from	ADP	_	11 smells	case
10	bad	bad	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 smells	amod
11	smells	smell	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 comes	obl
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	a doctor			the 1800s			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	come	present	illness			bad smells			vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from smell=Initial_Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What showed he was wrong?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	2 showed	nsubj
2	showed	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 wrong	nsubj
4	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 wrong	cop
5	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 showed	ccomp
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 showed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	past							vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	is	past	illness					wrong property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

Smells were banned

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Smells	smell	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 banned	nsubj:pass
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 banned	aux:pass
3	banned	ban	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ban	past · passive		Smells					vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Experiments proved tiny germs cause infections

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Experiments	experiment	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 proved	nsubj
2	proved	prove	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 germs	amod
4	germs	germ	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 cause	nsubj
5	cause	cause	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 proved	ccomp
6	infections	infection	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 cause	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	prove	past	Experiments						vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	cause	present	tiny germs	infections					vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition infection=Patient

Option 3

Nothing, he was right about the bad smells

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	5 right	nsubj
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Nothing	punct
3	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 right	nsubj
4	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 right	cop
5	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	about	about	ADP	_	9 smells	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 smells	det
8	bad	bad	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 smells	amod
9	smells	smell	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 right	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	Nothing					about the bad smells; right property	tree rules

Option 4

Perfume was found to cure most diseases

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Perfume	perfume	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 found	nsubj:pass
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 found	aux:pass
3	found	find	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 cure	mark
5	cure	cure	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 found	xcomp
6	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	7 diseases	amod
7	diseases	disease	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 cure	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	find	past · passive		Perfume					vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Attribute clause=Theme
2	cure	to-infinitive	Perfume not said here	most diseases					vn free-10.6.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Causer disease=Source

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/medicine/30-germs-the-immune-system-and-hand-washing/t10/