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Test 5 · Heart and lungs when you run

Grandad, back in his day: "Breathe through your nose, son, open mouth lets the cold in." On a steep hill?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: day, Grandad · What happens: breathe, let in · To what, where: nose, cold

This is test 5 of lesson 36 «Heart and lungs when you run» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Grandad, back in his day: "Breathe through your nose, son, open mouth lets the cold in."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	Number=Sing	18 lets	nsubj
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 day	punct
3	back	back	ADV	_	6 day	advmod
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 day	case
5	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 day	nmod:poss
6	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Grandad	appos
7	:	:	PUNCT	_	9 Breathe	punct
8	"	"	PUNCT	_	9 Breathe	punct
9	Breathe	breathe	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 day	acl:relcl
10	through	through	ADP	_	12 nose	case
11	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 nose	nmod:poss
12	nose	nose	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 Breathe	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 son	punct
14	son	son	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 nose	conj
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 mouth	punct
16	open	open	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 mouth	amod
17	mouth	mouth	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 nose	conj
18	lets	let	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 cold	det
20	cold	cold	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 lets	obj
21	in	in	ADP	_	18 lets	compound:prt
22	.	.	PUNCT	_	18 lets	punct
23	"	"	PUNCT	_	18 lets	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	breathe in a quote	infinitive	Grandad's day not said here			your nose and son and open mouth			vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	let in in a quote	present	Grandad	the cold					vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cold=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: On a steep hill?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	On	on	ADP	_	4 hill	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 hill	det
3	steep	steep	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 hill	amod
4	hill	hill	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 hill	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

Breathing through the mouth too is fine at hard effort

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Breathing	breathe	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	7 fine	csubj
2	through	through	ADP	_	4 mouth	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 mouth	det
4	mouth	mouth	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Breathing	obl
5	too	too	ADV	_	1 Breathing	advmod
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 fine	cop
7	fine	fine	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
8	at	at	ADP	_	10 effort	case
9	hard	hard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 effort	amod
10	effort	effort	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 fine	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	breathe	gerund				the mouth			vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	is	present	Breathing			hard effort		fine property	tree rules

Option 2

The nose lets in more air when sprinting

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 nose	det
2	nose	nose	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 lets	nsubj
3	lets	let	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 air	case
5	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	6 air	amod
6	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 lets	obl
7	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	8 sprinting	advmod
8	sprinting	sprint	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 lets	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	let	present	the nose			more air			vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent
2	sprint	gerund	the nose not said here						vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

Mouth breathing shrinks the lungs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Mouth	mouth	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 shrinks	nsubj
2	breathing	breathe	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	1 Mouth	acl
3	shrinks	shrink	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 lungs	det
5	lungs	lung	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 shrinks	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	breathe	gerund	Mouth not said here						vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	shrink	present	Mouth	the lungs					vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent lung=Patient

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

Mouth breathing on a cold hill makes you catch a cold

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Mouth	mouth	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 makes	nsubj
2	breathing	breathe	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	1 Mouth	acl
3	on	on	ADP	_	6 hill	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 hill	det
5	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 hill	amod
6	hill	hill	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 breathing	obl
7	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	7 makes	obj
9	catch	catch	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 makes	xcomp
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 cold	det
11	cold	cold	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 catch	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	breathe	gerund	Mouth not said here			a cold hill			vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Agent on hill=Destination
2	make	present	Mouth	you					tree rules
3	catch	infinitive	you not said here	a cold					vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cold=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/medicine/36-heart-and-lungs-when-you-run/t5/