Exam question 4 · Muscles: getting stronger and getting fitter

Whereas strength denotes the force a muscle can exert, ascertain the meaning of stamina.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: strength, muscle · What happens: denote, exert, ascertain, mean · To what, where: force, meaning, stamina

This is exam question 4 of lesson 38 «Muscles: getting stronger and getting fitter» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Whereas	whereas	SCONJ	_	3 denotes	mark
2	strength	strength	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 denotes	nsubj
3	denotes	denote	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 exert	advcl
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 force	det
5	force	force	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 denotes	obj
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 muscle	det
7	muscle	muscle	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 exert	nsubj
8	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	9 exert	aux
9	exert	exert	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 ascertain	punct
11	ascertain	ascertain	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 exert	conj
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 meaning	det
13	meaning	meaning	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 ascertain	obj
14	of	of	ADP	_	15 stamina	case
15	stamina	stamina	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 meaning	nmod
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 exert	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	denote	present	strength	the force	vn indicate-78 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot force=Topic
2	exert	can	a muscle		vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	ascertain	infinitive	a muscle not said here	the meaning of stamina	vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent meaning=Topic
4	mean			stamina	nom meaning «communication transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The speed of a single movement

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 speed	det
2	speed	speed	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	6 movement	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 movement	det
5	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 movement	amod
6	movement	movement	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 speed	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 2

The maximum mass that can be lifted on a single occasion

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 mass	det
2	maximum	maximum	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 mass	amod
3	mass	mass	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 lifted	nsubj:pass
5	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 lifted	aux
6	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	7 lifted	aux:pass
7	lifted	lift	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 mass	acl:relcl
8	on	on	ADP	_	11 occasion	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 occasion	det
10	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 occasion	amod
11	occasion	occasion	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 lifted	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lift	can · passive		the maximum mass		a single occasion			vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme on occasion=Destination

Option 3

The number of muscles in the body

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 number	det
2	number	number	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 muscles	case
4	muscles	muscle	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 number	nmod
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 body	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 body	det
7	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 muscles	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

The duration for which activity can be sustained

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 duration	det
2	duration	duration	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 sustained	nsubj:pass
3	for	for	ADP	_	5 activity	case
4	which	which	DET	PronType=Int	5 activity	det
5	activity	activity	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 duration	nmod
6	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 sustained	aux
7	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	8 sustained	aux:pass
8	sustained	sustain	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sustain	can · passive		the duration for which activity					vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: subject=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/medicine/38-muscles-getting-stronger-and-getting-fitter/e4/