Exam question 4 · Running, gymnastics and martial arts

Ascertain the principal rule taught to children upon commencing instruction in a martial art.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: ascertain, teach, commence · To what, where: principal rule, children, instruction, martial art

This is exam question 4 of lesson 43 «Running, gymnastics and martial arts» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 rule	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 rule	amod
4	rule	rule	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ascertain	obj
5	taught	teach	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 rule	acl
6	to	to	ADP	_	7 children	case
7	children	child	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 taught	obl
8	upon	upon	SCONJ	_	9 commencing	mark
9	commencing	commence	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 taught	advcl
10	instruction	instruction	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 commencing	obj
11	in	in	ADP	_	14 art	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 art	det
13	martial	martial	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 art	amod
14	art	art	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 commencing	obl
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	the principal rule			vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rule=Topic
2	teach speech: other	participle		the principal rule not said here	children		vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient how S»: agent=Agent to child=Recipient
3	commence	gerund		instruction		a martial art	vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent instruction=Eventuality

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

That belts confer the right to fight

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	That	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	2 belts	det
2	belts	belt	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 confer	nsubj
3	confer	confer	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 right	det
5	right	right	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 confer	obj
6	to	to	PART	_	7 fight	mark
7	fight	fight	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 right	acl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	confer	present	that belts	the right					tree rules
2	fight	to-infinitive	that belts not said here	the right not said here					vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 2

That contact in sparring is unrestricted

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	That	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	2 contact	det
2	contact	contact	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 unrestricted	nsubj:pass
3	in	in	ADP	_	4 sparring	case
4	sparring	sparring	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 contact	nmod
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 unrestricted	aux:pass
6	unrestricted	unrestrict	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	unrestrict	present · passive		that contact in sparring					tree rules

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

That conflict is to be avoided and skills used only for safety

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	That	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	2 conflict	det
2	conflict	conflict	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 avoided	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 avoided	aux:pass
4	to	to	PART	_	6 avoided	mark
5	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	6 avoided	aux:pass
6	avoided	avoid	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 used	cc
8	skills	skill	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 used	nsubj
9	used	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 avoided	conj
10	only	only	ADV	_	9 used	advmod
11	for	for	ADP	_	12 safety	case
12	safety	safety	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 used	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	avoid	present · passive		that conflict					vn avoid-52 «NP V NP.location»: subject=Location
2	use	past	skills					for safety	vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 4

That opponents are to be overcome outside the club as well as within it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	That	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	2 opponents	det
2	opponents	opponent	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 overcome	nsubj:pass
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 overcome	aux:pass
4	to	to	PART	_	6 overcome	mark
5	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	6 overcome	aux:pass
6	overcome	overcome	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	outside	outside	ADP	_	9 club	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 club	det
9	club	club	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 overcome	obl
10	as	as	ADV	ExtPos=ADV	6 overcome	advmod
11	well	well	ADV	Degree=Pos	10 as	fixed
12	as	as	ADP	_	10 as	fixed
13	within	within	ADP	_	14 it	case
14	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 overcome	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	overcome	present · passive		that opponents				outside the club; within club	vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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