Exam question 2 · Nosebleeds and bumps on the head

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises concussion?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: concussion

This is exam question 2 of lesson 5 «Nosebleeds and bumps on the head» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	concussion	concussion	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
10	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		concussion				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

A fracture invariably affecting the nasal bones

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 fracture	det
2	fracture	fracture	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 affecting	nsubj
3	invariably	invariably	ADV	_	4 affecting	advmod
4	affecting	affect	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 bones	det
6	nasal	nasal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 bones	amod
7	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 affecting	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	affect	gerund	a fracture	the nasal bones				invariably property	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus bone=Experiencer

Option 2

An injury occurring only upon loss of consciousness

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	An	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 injury	det
2	injury	injury	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	occurring	occur	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 injury	acl
4	only	only	ADV	_	6 loss	advmod
5	upon	upon	ADP	_	6 loss	case
6	loss	loss	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 occurring	obj
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 consciousness	case
8	consciousness	consciousness	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 loss	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	occur	gerund	a injury not said here	loss of consciousness					tree rules

Option 3

A disorder of the head caused exclusively by prolonged use of screens

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 disorder	det
2	disorder	disorder	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 caused	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 head	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 head	det
5	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 disorder	nmod
6	caused	cause	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	_	6 caused	advmod
8	by	by	ADP	_	10 use	case
9	prolonged	prolong	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 use	amod
10	use	use	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 caused	obl
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 screens	case
12	screens	screen	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 use	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	cause	past	a disorder of the head		by prolonged use of screens; exclusively property	vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition
2	prolong	participle				vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent
3	disorder			the head		nom disorder «state transitive»: of=patient
4	use			screens		nom use «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

A cerebral injury which may occur without loss of consciousness

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 injury	det
2	cerebral	cerebral	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 injury	compound
3	injury	injury	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 occur	nsubj
5	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 occur	aux
6	occur	occur	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 injury	acl:relcl
7	without	without	ADP	_	8 loss	case
8	loss	loss	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 occur	obl
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 consciousness	case
10	consciousness	consciousness	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 loss	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	occur	may	a cerebral injury					without loss of consciousness	vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/medicine/5-nosebleeds-and-bumps-on-the-head/e2/