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Exam question 4 · Nosebleeds and bumps on the head

It is given that a bicycle helmet has cracked in a collision. State the appropriate course of action.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · What happens: give, crack · To what, where: It, bicycle helmet, collision

This is exam question 4 of lesson 5 «Nosebleeds and bumps on the head» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: It is given that a bicycle helmet has cracked in a collision.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 given	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 given	aux:pass
3	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	9 cracked	mark
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 helmet	det
6	bicycle	bicycle	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 helmet	compound
7	helmet	helmet	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 cracked	nsubj:pass
8	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 cracked	aux
9	cracked	crack	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 given	advcl
10	in	in	ADP	_	12 collision	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 collision	det
12	collision	collision	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 cracked	obl
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 given	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	present · passive		It					vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	crack	present · perfect · passive		a bicycle helmet		a collision			vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: State the appropriate course of action.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	State	state	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 course	det
3	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 course	amod
4	course	course	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 State	nmod
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 action	case
6	action	action	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 course	nmod
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 State	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

The options

Option 1

The helmet is to be repaired with adhesive and reused thereafter

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 helmet	det
2	helmet	helmet	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 repaired	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 repaired	aux:pass
4	to	to	PART	_	6 repaired	mark
5	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	6 repaired	aux:pass
6	repaired	repair	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	with	with	ADP	_	8 adhesive	case
8	adhesive	adhesive	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 repaired	obl
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 reused	cc
10	reused	reuse	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 repaired	conj
11	thereafter	thereafter	ADV	_	10 reused	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	repair	present · passive		the helmet				with adhesive	vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: subject=Patient with adhesive=Instrument
2	reuse	participle						thereafter property	vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The helmet is to be replaced, having absorbed the force

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 helmet	det
2	helmet	helmet	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 replaced	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 replaced	aux:pass
4	to	to	PART	_	6 replaced	mark
5	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	6 replaced	aux:pass
6	replaced	replace	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 absorbed	punct
8	having	have	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	9 absorbed	aux
9	absorbed	absorb	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	6 replaced	conj
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 force	det
11	force	force	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 absorbed	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	replace	present · passive		the helmet					vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Co-Theme
2	absorb	gerund · perfect		the force					vn absorb-39.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Goal force=Theme

Option 3

The helmet is to be retained, being undamaged within

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 helmet	det
2	helmet	helmet	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 retained	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 retained	aux
4	to	to	PART	_	6 retained	mark
5	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	6 retained	aux:pass
6	retained	retain	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 undamaged	punct
8	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	9 undamaged	aux:pass
9	undamaged	undamag	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 retained	conj
10	within	within	ADP	_	9 undamaged	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	retain	present · passive		the helmet					tree rules
2	undamag	gerund · passive							tree rules

Option 4

The helmet is to be worn reversed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 helmet	det
2	helmet	helmet	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 worn	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 worn	aux:pass
4	to	to	PART	_	6 worn	mark
5	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	6 worn	aux:pass
6	worn	wear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	reversed	reverse	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 worn	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	wear	present · passive		the helmet					tree rules
2	reverse	participle							vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/medicine/5-nosebleeds-and-bumps-on-the-head/e4/