Exam question 1 · Colds and flu

Identify the reason for which antibiotics are ineffective in the treatment of the common cold.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, antibiotics · What happens: identify, be, treat · To what, where: reason, treatment, common cold

This is exam question 1 of lesson 7 «Colds and flu» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 reason	det
3	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
4	for	for	ADP	_	5 which	case
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 ineffective	obl
6	antibiotics	antibiotic	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 ineffective	nsubj
7	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 ineffective	cop
8	ineffective	ineffective	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 reason	acl
9	in	in	ADP	_	11 treatment	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 treatment	det
11	treatment	treatment	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 ineffective	obl
12	of	of	ADP	_	15 cold	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 cold	det
14	common	common	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 cold	amod
15	cold	cold	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 treatment	nmod
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the reason			vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	is	present	antibiotics		the treatment of the common cold	for the reason; ineffective property	tree rules
3	treat			the common cold			nom treatment «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The common cold is caused by viruses rather than bacteria

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 cold	det
2	common	common	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 cold	amod
3	cold	cold	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 caused	nsubj:pass
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 caused	aux:pass
5	caused	cause	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	by	by	ADP	_	7 viruses	case
7	viruses	virus	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 caused	obl
8	rather	rather	ADV	ExtPos=CCONJ	10 bacteria	cc
9	than	than	ADP	_	8 rather	fixed
10	bacteria	bacterium	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 viruses	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cause	present · passive	viruses rather bacteria	the common cold					vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition subject=Patient

Option 2

The common cold is too mild to warrant any medicine

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 cold	det
2	common	common	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 cold	amod
3	cold	cold	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 mild	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 mild	cop
5	too	too	ADV	_	6 mild	advmod
6	mild	mild	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
7	to	to	PART	_	8 warrant	mark
8	warrant	warrant	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 mild	advcl
9	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	10 medicine	det
10	medicine	medicine	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 warrant	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the common cold					mild property	tree rules
2	warrant	to-infinitive	the common cold not said here	any medicine					tree rules

Option 3

The common cold is caused by exposure to cold air rather than organisms

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 cold	det
2	common	common	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 cold	amod
3	cold	cold	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 caused	nsubj:pass
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 caused	aux:pass
5	caused	cause	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	by	by	ADP	_	7 exposure	case
7	exposure	exposure	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 caused	obl:agent
8	to	to	ADP	_	10 air	case
9	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 air	amod
10	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 caused	obl
11	rather	rather	ADV	ExtPos=CCONJ	13 organisms	cc
12	than	than	ADP	_	11 rather	fixed
13	organisms	organism	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 caused	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cause	present · passive	exposure	the common cold				to cold air	vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition subject=Patient

Option 4

Antibiotics are ineffective during the winter months

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Antibiotics	antibiotic	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 ineffective	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 ineffective	cop
3	ineffective	ineffective	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	during	during	ADP	_	7 months	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 months	det
6	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 months	compound
7	months	month	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 ineffective	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Antibiotics				month	ineffective property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/medicine/7-colds-and-flu/e1/