Exam question 2 · Colds and flu

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises influenza as compared with the common cold?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris, compare · To what, where: influenza

This is exam question 2 of lesson 7 «Colds and flu» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	influenza	influenza	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
10	as	as	SCONJ	_	11 compared	mark
11	compared	compare	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 characterises	advcl
12	with	with	ADP	_	15 cold	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 cold	det
14	common	common	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 cold	amod
15	cold	cold	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 compared	obl
16	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	influenza	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	compare	participle		with the common cold	vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Patient with cold=Co-Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Influenza is confined to the nose

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Influenza	influenza	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 confined	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 confined	aux:pass
3	confined	confine	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	6 nose	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 nose	det
6	nose	nose	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 confined	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	confine	present · passive		Influenza		the nose			vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme to nose=Destination

Option 2

Influenza is caused by bacteria rather than by any kind of virus

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Influenza	influenza	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 caused	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 caused	aux:pass
3	caused	cause	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 bacteria	case
5	bacteria	bacterium	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 caused	obl:agent
6	rather	rather	ADV	ExtPos=CCONJ	3 caused	advmod
7	than	than	ADP	_	6 rather	fixed
8	by	by	ADP	_	10 kind	case
9	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	10 kind	det
10	kind	kind	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 caused	obl
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 virus	case
12	virus	virus	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 kind	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cause	present · passive	bacteria	Influenza				by any kind of virus	vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition subject=Patient

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Influenza begins abruptly with high fever, aching and exhaustion

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Influenza	influenza	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 begins	nsubj
2	begins	begin	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	abruptly	abruptly	ADV	_	2 begins	advmod
4	with	with	ADP	_	6 fever	case
5	high	high	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 fever	amod
6	fever	fever	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 begins	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 aching	punct
8	aching	ache	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 begins	conj
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 exhaustion	cc
10	exhaustion	exhaustion	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 aching	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	begin	present	Influenza					with high fever; abruptly property	vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V PP.subeventuality»: agent=Eventuality with fever=Subeventuality
2	ache	gerund	Influenza not said here						vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer

Option 4

Influenza is a milder variant of the common cold

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Influenza	influenza	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 variant	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 variant	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 variant	det
4	milder	mild	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	5 variant	amod
5	variant	variant	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	of	of	ADP	_	9 cold	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 cold	det
8	common	common	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 cold	amod
9	cold	cold	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 variant	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Influenza	a milder variant				of the common cold	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/medicine/7-colds-and-flu/e2/