Exam question 2 · The kid who is always on the bench

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the development of sporting skill?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: development · What happens: follow, characteris, sport · To what, where: development, skill

This is exam question 2 of lesson 70 «The kid who is always on the bench» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 development	det
10	development	development	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	SCONJ	_	12 sporting	mark
12	sporting	sport	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 development	acl
13	skill	skill	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 sporting	obj
14	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the development	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	sport	gerund	the development not said here	skill		tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It is principally acquired through repeated practice

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 acquired	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 acquired	aux:pass
3	principally	principally	ADV	_	4 acquired	advmod
4	acquired	acquire	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	through	through	ADP	_	7 practice	case
6	repeated	repeat	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 practice	amod
7	practice	practice	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 acquired	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	acquire	present · passive		It		repeated practice		principally property	vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Theme
2	repeat	participle							vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality

Option 2

It is fixed at birth and cannot be altered

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 fixed	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 fixed	aux:pass
3	fixed	fix	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	at	at	ADP	_	5 birth	case
5	birth	birth	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 fixed	obl
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 altered	cc
7	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	10 altered	aux
8	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	10 altered	advmod
9	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	10 altered	aux:pass
10	altered	alter	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 fixed	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fix	present · passive		It		birth			vn price-54.4 «NP V NP PP.value»: subject=Theme at birth=Value
2	not alter	can · passive							vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»

Option 3

It is conferred by selection to the starting team

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 conferred	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 conferred	aux:pass
3	conferred	confer	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 selection	case
5	selection	selection	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 conferred	obl
6	to	to	ADP	_	9 team	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 team	det
8	starting	starting	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 team	compound
9	team	team	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 conferred	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	confer	present · passive	selection	It				to the starting team	tree rules

Option 4

It is determined by height alone

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 determined	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 determined	aux:pass
3	determined	determine	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 height	case
5	height	height	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 determined	obl
6	alone	alone	ADV	_	3 determined	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	determine	present · passive	height	It				alone property	vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Topic

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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