Test 5 · Bike helmets and roads
Callum: «it's pure dreich, but I know the road». Does knowing the road help drivers see him?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Callum, I, knowing, drivers · What happens: be, know, help, see · To what, where: pure dreich, road, drivers, Callum
This is test 5 of lesson 72 «Bike helmets and roads» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: Callum: «it's pure dreich, but I know the road».
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Callum | Callum | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 dreich | nsubj |
| 2 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 1 Callum | punct |
| 3 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 7 dreich | punct |
| 4 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 dreich | nsubj |
| 5 | 's | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 dreich | cop |
| 6 | pure | pure | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 dreich | amod |
| 7 | dreich | dreich | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 know | punct |
| 9 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 11 know | cc |
| 10 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 11 know | nsubj |
| 11 | know | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 dreich | parataxis |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 road | det |
| 13 | road | road | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 know | obj |
| 14 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 11 know | punct |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 dreich | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a in a quote | present | Callum | pure dreich | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | know in a quote | present | I | the road | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer road=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Does knowing the road help drivers see him?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Does | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 help | aux |
| 2 | knowing | know | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 5 help | csubj |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 road | det |
| 4 | road | road | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 knowing | obj |
| 5 | help | help | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | drivers | driver | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 help | obj |
| 7 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 help | xcomp |
| 8 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 see | obj |
| 9 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 5 help | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | know | gerund | the road | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer road=Stimulus | |||||
| 2 | help | present · do-support | knowing | drivers | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent driver=Beneficiary clause=Theme | ||||
| 3 | see | infinitive | drivers not said here | Callum | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer he=Stimulus |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
Yes, drivers know he knows the road
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yes | yes | INTJ | Polarity=Pos | 4 know | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Yes | punct |
| 3 | drivers | driver | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 know | nsubj |
| 4 | know | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 knows | nsubj |
| 6 | knows | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 know | ccomp |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 road | det |
| 8 | road | road | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 knows | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | know | present | drivers | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 2 | know | present | he | the road | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer road=Stimulus |
Option 2 · ✓ the right answer
No, drivers need lights to see him
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | No | no | INTJ | Polarity=Neg | 4 need | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 No | punct |
| 3 | drivers | driver | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 need | nsubj |
| 4 | need | need | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | lights | light | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 need | obj |
| 6 | to | to | PART | _ | 7 see | mark |
| 7 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 need | xcomp |
| 8 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 see | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | need | present | drivers | lights | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | see not said to happen | to-infinitive | lights not said here | him = he | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer he=Stimulus |
Option 3
No, but rain makes riders glow
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | No | no | INTJ | Polarity=Neg | 5 makes | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 makes | punct |
| 3 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 5 makes | cc |
| 4 | rain | rain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 makes | nsubj |
| 5 | makes | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | riders | rider | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 makes | obj |
| 7 | glow | glow | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 makes | xcomp |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | present | rain | riders | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | glow | infinitive | riders not said here | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
Option 4
Yes, if he rides very fast
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yes | yes | INTJ | Polarity=Pos | 5 rides | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 rides | punct |
| 3 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 5 rides | mark |
| 4 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 rides | nsubj |
| 5 | rides | ride | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | very | very | ADV | _ | 7 fast | advmod |
| 7 | fast | fast | ADV | Degree=Pos | 5 rides | advmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ride | present | he | fast property | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/medicine/72-bike-helmets-and-roads/t5/