Exam question 2 · Trampolines, playgrounds and skate parks

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the hazard presented by a bicycle helmet worn upon play equipment?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris, present, wear · To what, where: hazard, bicycle helmet

This is exam question 2 of lesson 73 «Trampolines, playgrounds and skate parks» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 hazard	det
10	hazard	hazard	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	presented	present	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 hazard	acl
12	by	by	ADP	_	15 helmet	case
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 helmet	det
14	bicycle	bicycle	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 helmet	compound
15	helmet	helmet	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 presented	obl
16	worn	wear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	15 helmet	acl
17	upon	upon	ADP	_	19 equipment	case
18	play	play	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 equipment	compound
19	equipment	equipment	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 worn	obl
20	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the hazard	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	present	participle	the hazard not said here	by a bicycle helmet	vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
4	wear	participle	a bicycle helmet not said here	upon play equipment	vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

There is no hazard whatsoever

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	There	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	2 is	expl
2	is	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	4 hazard	det
4	hazard	hazard	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 is	nsubj
5	whatsoever	whatsoever	ADV	_	2 is	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	be	present	no hazard			there		whatsoever property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2

The helmet causes the equipment to overheat

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 helmet	det
2	helmet	helmet	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 causes	nsubj
3	causes	cause	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 equipment	det
5	equipment	equipment	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 causes	obj
6	to	to	PART	_	7 overheat	mark
7	overheat	overheat	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 causes	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cause	present	the helmet	the equipment					vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition equipment=Patient
2	overheat	to-infinitive	the helmet not said here						vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

The helmet may become trapped and the strap may constrict the throat

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 helmet	det
2	helmet	helmet	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 become	nsubj
3	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 become	aux
4	become	become	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	trapped	trap	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 become	xcomp
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 constrict	cc
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 strap	det
8	strap	strap	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 constrict	nsubj
9	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	10 constrict	aux
10	constrict	constrict	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 become	conj
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 throat	det
12	throat	throat	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 constrict	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	become	may	the helmet		tree rules
2	trap	participle	the helmet not said here		vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	constrict	may	the strap	the throat	vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent throat=Patient

Option 4

The helmet will invariably prevent all injury

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 helmet	det
2	helmet	helmet	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 prevent	nsubj
3	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 prevent	aux
4	invariably	invariably	ADV	_	5 prevent	advmod
5	prevent	prevent	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	7 injury	det
7	injury	injury	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 prevent	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	prevent	future	the helmet	all injury				invariably property	vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer injury=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/medicine/73-trampolines-playgrounds-and-skate-parks/e2/