Exam question 3 · Trampolines, playgrounds and skate parks

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning injuries sustained at skate parks.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: select, establish, concern, sustain · To what, where: response, concerning injuries, skate parks

This is exam question 3 of lesson 73 «Trampolines, playgrounds and skate parks» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 injuries	amod
10	injuries	injury	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 facts	conj
11	sustained	sustain	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 injuries	acl
12	at	at	ADP	_	14 parks	case
13	skate	skate	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 parks	compound
14	parks	park	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 sustained	obl
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response		consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle					vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund					vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
4	sustain	participle		concerning injuries not said here	skate parks		vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Wrists are never injured in falls

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Wrists	wrist	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 injured	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 injured	aux:pass
3	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	4 injured	advmod
4	injured	injure	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 falls	case
6	falls	fall	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 injured	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not injure	present · passive		Wrists		falls			tree rules

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

Injuries occur only among beginners

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Injuries	injury	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 occur	nsubj
2	occur	occur	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	only	only	ADV	_	5 beginners	advmod
4	among	among	ADP	_	5 beginners	case
5	beginners	beginner	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 occur	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	occur	present	Injuries	beginners					tree rules

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Fractures of the wrist are among the most frequent

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Fractures	fracture	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 frequent	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	4 wrist	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 wrist	det
4	wrist	wrist	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Fractures	nmod
5	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 frequent	cop
6	among	among	ADP	_	9 frequent	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 frequent	det
8	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	9 frequent	advmod
9	frequent	frequent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Fractures of the wrist					frequent property	tree rules
2	fracture			the wrist					nom fracture «state transitive»: of=patient

Option 4

Protective equipment increases the frequency of falls

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Protective	protective	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 equipment	amod
2	equipment	equipment	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 increases	nsubj
3	increases	increase	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 frequency	det
5	frequency	frequency	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 increases	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 falls	case
7	falls	fall	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 frequency	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	increase	present	Protective equipment	the frequency of falls					vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Causer frequency=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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