Exam question 1 · What money is and why people accept it

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the nature of money?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: nature

This is exam question 1 of lesson 1 «What money is and why people accept it» of the money course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 nature	det
10	nature	nature	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 money	case
12	money	money	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 nature	nmod
13	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the nature of money				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Money is exclusively gold retained within a national vault

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Money	money	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 gold	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 gold	cop
3	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	_	4 gold	advmod
4	gold	gold	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	retained	retain	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 gold	acl
6	within	within	ADP	_	9 vault	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 vault	det
8	national	national	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 vault	amod
9	vault	vault	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 retained	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Money	gold				exclusively property	tree rules
2	retain	participle		gold not said here				within a national vault	tree rules

Option 2

Money is any article possessing considerable weight and a bright, shiny appearance

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Money	money	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 article	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 article	cop
3	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	4 article	det
4	article	article	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	possessing	possess	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 article	acl
6	considerable	considerable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 weight	amod
7	weight	weight	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 possessing	obj
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 appearance	cc
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 appearance	det
10	bright	bright	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 appearance	amod
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 bright	punct
12	shiny	shiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 appearance	amod
13	appearance	appearance	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 article	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Money	any article and a bright shiny appearance					tree rules
2	possess	gerund	any article and a bright shiny appearance not said here	considerable weight					vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot weight=Theme

Option 3

Money is any object which its owner personally regards as being of value

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Money	money	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 object	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 object	cop
3	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	4 object	det
4	object	object	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 regards	obj
6	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 owner	nmod:poss
7	owner	owner	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 regards	nsubj
8	personally	personally	ADV	_	9 regards	advmod
9	regards	regard	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 object	acl:relcl
10	as	as	ADP	_	13 value	case
11	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	13 value	cop
12	of	of	ADP	_	13 value	case
13	value	value	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 regards	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Money	any object		tree rules
2	regard	present	Money's owner	any object	personally property	vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent which=Theme
3	is	gerund			as value	tree rules

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Money is any article universally accepted in exchange for goods and services

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Money	money	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 article	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 article	cop
3	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	4 article	det
4	article	article	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	universally	universally	ADV	_	6 accepted	advmod
6	accepted	accept	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 article	acl
7	in	in	ADP	_	8 exchange	case
8	exchange	exchange	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 accepted	obl
9	for	for	ADP	_	10 goods	case
10	goods	goods	NOUN	Number=Ptan	8 exchange	nmod
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 services	cc
12	services	service	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 goods	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Money	any article					tree rules
2	accept	participle		any article not said here		exchange for goods and services		universally property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/money/1-what-money-is-and-why-people-accept-it/e1/