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Test 11 · What money is and why people accept it

Uncle says, "Old coins are rubbish, chuck 'em." What's a better idea?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: Uncle, Old coins · What happens: say, be, chuck · To what, where: rubbish, 'em, better idea · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 11 of lesson 1 «What money is and why people accept it» of the money course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Uncle says, "Old coins are rubbish, chuck 'em."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Uncle	uncle	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 says	nsubj
2	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 rubbish	punct
4	"	"	PUNCT	_	8 rubbish	punct
5	Old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 coins	amod
6	coins	coin	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 rubbish	nsubj
7	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 rubbish	cop
8	rubbish	rubbish	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 says	ccomp
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 chuck	punct
10	chuck	chuck	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 says	ccomp
11	'em	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 chuck	obj
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	10 chuck	punct
13	"	"	PUNCT	_	10 chuck	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Uncle						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	is a in a quote	present	Old coins	rubbish					tree rules
3	chuck in a quote	infinitive		'em = they					vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What's a better idea?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	5 idea	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 idea	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 idea	det
4	better	good	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	5 idea	amod
5	idea	idea	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 idea	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present		a better idea					tree rules

The options

Option 1

Spend them anyway, shops must take any coin

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Spend	spend	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	1 Spend	obj
3	anyway	anyway	ADV	_	1 Spend	advmod
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 take	punct
5	shops	shop	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 take	nsubj
6	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 take	aux
7	take	take	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Spend	conj
8	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	9 coin	det
9	coin	coin	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 take	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	spend	imperative	you not said here	them = they				anyway property	vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Asset
2	take	must	shops	any coin					vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent coin=Theme

Option 2

Throw them in the river for luck

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Throw	throw	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	1 Throw	obj
3	in	in	ADP	_	5 river	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 river	det
5	river	river	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Throw	obl
6	for	for	ADP	_	7 luck	case
7	luck	luck	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Throw	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	throw	imperative	you not said here	them = they		the river		for luck	vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent they=Theme in river=Destination

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Ask a bank about swapping them, or keep rare ones for collectors

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ask	ask	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 bank	det
3	bank	bank	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ask	obj
4	about	about	SCONJ	_	5 swapping	mark
5	swapping	swap	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	1 Ask	advcl
6	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 swapping	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 keep	punct
8	or	or	CCONJ	_	9 keep	cc
9	keep	keep	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	1 Ask	conj
10	rare	rare	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 ones	amod
11	ones	one	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 keep	obj
12	for	for	ADP	_	13 collectors	case
13	collectors	collector	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 keep	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ask speech: ask	imperative	you not said here	a bank					vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent bank=Recipient
2	swap	gerund	you not said here	them = they					vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme
3	keep	infinitive	you not said here	rare ones				for collectors	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Theme

Option 4

Melt them into new coins at home

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Melt	melt	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	1 Melt	obj
3	into	into	ADP	_	5 coins	case
4	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 coins	amod
5	coins	coin	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Melt	obl
6	at	at	ADP	_	7 home	case
7	home	home	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Melt	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	melt	imperative	you not said here	them = they		new coins		at home	vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: agent=Agent they=Material into coin=Product

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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