Exam question 4 · Taking without paying: the consequences

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the effect of theft upon the prices charged to honest customers.

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, established facts, prices · What happens: select, establish, concern, charge, effect · To what, where: response, effect, theft

This is exam question 4 of lesson 15 «Taking without paying: the consequences» of the money course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 effect	det
11	effect	effect	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	13 theft	case
13	theft	theft	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 effect	nmod
14	upon	upon	SCONJ	_	17 charged	mark
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 prices	det
16	prices	price	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 charged	nsubj
17	charged	charge	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	11 effect	acl
18	to	to	ADP	_	20 customers	case
19	honest	honest	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 customers	amod
20	customers	customer	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 charged	obl
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the effect of theft		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus effect=Experiencer
4	charge	past	the prices	the effect of theft not said here	to honest customers	vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location effect=Theme
5	effect			theft		nom effect «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Prices are paid in full by the police

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Prices	price	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 paid	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 paid	aux:pass
3	paid	pay	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 full	case
5	full	full	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 paid	obl
6	by	by	ADP	_	8 police	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 police	det
8	police	police	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 paid	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pay	present · passive	the police	Prices		full			vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Asset

Option 2

Prices are unaffected by any losses whatsoever

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Prices	price	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 unaffected	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 unaffected	cop
3	unaffected	unaffected	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	6 losses	case
5	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	6 losses	det
6	losses	loss	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 unaffected	obl
7	whatsoever	whatsoever	ADV	_	3 unaffected	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Prices					by any losses; unaffected, whatsoever property	tree rules

Option 3

Prices are reduced in order to deter theft

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Prices	price	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 reduced	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 reduced	aux:pass
3	reduced	reduce	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 order	case
5	order	order	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 reduced	obl
6	to	to	PART	_	7 deter	mark
7	deter	deter	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 reduced	advcl
8	theft	theft	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 deter	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	reduce	present · passive		Prices		order			vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
2	deter	to-infinitive		theft					vn discourage-64.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer theft=Eventuality

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Prices are raised in part to cover losses arising from theft

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Prices	price	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 raised	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 raised	aux:pass
3	raised	raise	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 part	case
5	part	part	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 raised	obl
6	to	to	PART	_	7 cover	mark
7	cover	cover	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 raised	advcl
8	losses	loss	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 cover	obj
9	arising	arise	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 losses	acl
10	from	from	ADP	_	11 theft	case
11	theft	theft	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 arising	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	raise	present · passive		Prices	part	vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in part=Destination
2	cover	to-infinitive		losses		vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme loss=Destination
3	arise	gerund	losses not said here		theft	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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