Exam question 3 · Debt, loans, credit cards and interest

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the effect of settling the balance of a credit card in full each month?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: effect, credit card · What happens: follow, characteris, settle, balance · To what, where: effect, balance

This is exam question 3 of lesson 24 «Debt, loans, credit cards and interest» of the money course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 effect	det
10	effect	effect	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	SCONJ	_	12 settling	mark
12	settling	settle	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 effect	acl
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 balance	det
14	balance	balance	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 settling	obj
15	of	of	ADP	_	18 card	case
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	18 card	det
17	credit	credit	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 card	compound
18	card	card	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 balance	nmod
19	in	in	ADP	_	22 month	case
20	full	full	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 month	amod
21	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	22 month	det
22	month	month	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 settling	obl
23	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund					vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the effect		of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	settle	gerund	the effect not said here	the balance of a credit card	month		vn odge-46-1 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme balance=Location
4	balance		a credit card				nom balance «state intransitive»: of=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

No interest is incurred upon the sums expended

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	DET	PronType=Neg	2 interest	det
2	interest	interest	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 incurred	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 incurred	aux:pass
4	incurred	incur	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	upon	upon	SCONJ	_	8 expended	mark
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 sums	det
7	sums	sum	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 expended	nsubj
8	expended	expend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 incurred	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	incur	present · passive		no interest					tree rules
2	expend	past	the sums						tree rules

Option 2

A penalty is levied for early repayment of the balance

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 penalty	det
2	penalty	penalty	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 levied	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 levied	aux:pass
4	levied	levy	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	for	for	ADP	_	7 repayment	case
6	early	early	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 repayment	amod
7	repayment	repayment	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 levied	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 balance	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 balance	det
10	balance	balance	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 repayment	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	levy	present · passive		a penalty				for early repayment of the balance	tree rules
2	repay			the balance					nom repayment «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 3

Interest is doubled in respect of the sums expended

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Interest	interest	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 doubled	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 doubled	aux:pass
3	doubled	double	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 respect	case
5	respect	respect	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 doubled	obl
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 sums	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 sums	det
8	sums	sum	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 expended	obl
9	expended	expend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 respect	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	double	present · passive		Interest		respect			vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient
2	expend	past	respect not said here					of the sums	tree rules

Option 4

The card is thereupon cancelled by the issuing bank

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 card	det
2	card	card	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 cancelled	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 cancelled	aux:pass
4	thereupon	thereupon	ADV	_	5 cancelled	advmod
5	cancelled	cancel	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	by	by	ADP	_	9 bank	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 bank	det
8	issuing	issuing	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 bank	compound
9	bank	bank	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 cancelled	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cancel	present · passive	the issuing bank	the card				thereupon property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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