Exam question 3 · The lemonade stand: cost, price, profit and loss

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the distinction between takings and profit?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: distinction

This is exam question 3 of lesson 31 «The lemonade stand: cost, price, profit and loss» of the money course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 distinction	det
10	distinction	distinction	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	between	between	ADP	_	12 takings	case
12	takings	taking	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 distinction	nmod
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 profit	cc
14	profit	profit	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 takings	conj
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the distinction				of the following statements; between takings and profit; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Takings are the sum remaining after profit has been deducted

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Takings	taking	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 sum	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 sum	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 sum	det
4	sum	sum	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 deducted	parataxis
5	remaining	remain	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 sum	acl
6	after	after	ADP	_	7 profit	case
7	profit	profit	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 remaining	obl
8	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 deducted	aux
9	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	10 deducted	aux:pass
10	deducted	deduct	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	roles by
1	is a	present	Takings	the sum		tree rules
2	remain	gerund	the sum not said here		after profit	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	deduct	present · perfect · passive				vn deduce-97.2 «NP V that S»

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Profit is the sum remaining after costs have been deducted from takings

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Profit	profit	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 sum	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 sum	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 sum	det
4	sum	sum	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	remaining	remain	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 sum	acl
6	after	after	SCONJ	_	10 deducted	mark
7	costs	cost	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 deducted	nsubj:pass
8	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 deducted	aux
9	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	10 deducted	aux:pass
10	deducted	deduct	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 remaining	advcl
11	from	from	ADP	_	12 takings	case
12	takings	taking	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 deducted	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	is a	present	Profit	the sum		tree rules
2	remain	gerund	the sum not said here			vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	deduct	present · perfect · passive		costs	takings	vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: subject=Theme from taking=Source

Option 3

Takings and profit are identical in every respect

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Takings	taking	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 identical	nsubj
2	and	and	CCONJ	_	3 profit	cc
3	profit	profit	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Takings	conj
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 identical	cop
5	identical	identical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 respect	case
7	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	8 respect	det
8	respect	respect	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 identical	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Takings and profit			every respect		identical property	tree rules

Option 4

Profit is the sum of takings and costs together

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Profit	profit	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 sum	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 sum	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 sum	det
4	sum	sum	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 takings	case
6	takings	taking	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 sum	nmod
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 costs	cc
8	costs	cost	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 takings	conj
9	together	together	ADV	_	6 takings	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Profit	the sum				of takings and costs	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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