Exam question 4 · Taxes and the government's budget

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning public opinion upon the level of taxation.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern · To what, where: response, public opinion

This is exam question 4 of lesson 36 «Taxes and the government's budget» of the money course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	public	public	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 opinion	amod
11	opinion	opinion	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	upon	upon	ADP	_	14 level	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 level	det
14	level	level	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obl
15	of	of	ADP	_	16 taxation	case
16	taxation	taxation	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 level	nmod
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	public opinion	upon the level of taxation	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus opinion=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

All persons agree that taxation should be abolished

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	All	all	DET	PronType=Tot	2 persons	det
2	persons	person	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 agree	nsubj
3	agree	agree	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	8 abolished	mark
5	taxation	taxation	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 abolished	nsubj:pass
6	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 abolished	aux
7	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	8 abolished	aux:pass
8	abolished	abolish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 agree	ccomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	agree speech: agree	present	all persons						vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	abolish	should · passive		taxation					vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Opinion is divided, each side advancing reasons for its position

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Opinion	opinion	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 divided	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 divided	aux:pass
3	divided	divide	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 side	punct
5	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	6 side	det
6	side	side	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 divided	obl
7	advancing	advance	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 side	acl
8	reasons	reason	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 advancing	obj
9	for	for	ADP	_	11 position	case
10	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 position	nmod:poss
11	position	position	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 advancing	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	divide	present · passive		Opinion				each side obl	vn multiply-108-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	advance	gerund	each side not said here	reasons				for Opinion's position goal	vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent reason=Theme for position=Goal

Option 3

The level of taxation is not a matter of any public interest or debate

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 level	det
2	level	level	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 matter	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 taxation	case
4	taxation	taxation	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 level	nmod
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 matter	cop
6	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	8 matter	advmod
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 matter	det
8	matter	matter	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
9	of	of	ADP	_	12 interest	case
10	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	12 interest	det
11	public	public	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 interest	amod
12	interest	interest	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 matter	nmod
13	or	or	CCONJ	_	14 debate	cc
14	debate	debate	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 interest	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not is a	present	the level of taxation	a matter				of any public interest or debate	tree rules

Option 4

All persons agree that taxation should be doubled

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	All	all	DET	PronType=Tot	2 persons	det
2	persons	person	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 agree	nsubj
3	agree	agree	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	8 doubled	mark
5	taxation	taxation	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 doubled	nsubj:pass
6	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 doubled	aux
7	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	8 doubled	aux:pass
8	doubled	double	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 agree	ccomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	agree speech: agree	present	all persons						vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	double	should · passive		taxation					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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