Test 8 · Taxes and the government's budget
In a cartoon, a villain refuses to pay tax and the town gets new schools anyway. What's wrong?
Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: villain, town · What happens: refuse, not pay, get, be · To what, where: cartoon, tax, new schools
This is test 8 of lesson 36 «Taxes and the government's budget» of the money course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: In a cartoon, a villain refuses to pay tax and the town gets new schools anyway.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 cartoon | case |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 cartoon | det |
| 3 | cartoon | cartoon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 refuses | obl |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 cartoon | punct |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 villain | det |
| 6 | villain | villain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 refuses | nsubj |
| 7 | refuses | refuse | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | to | to | PART | _ | 9 pay | mark |
| 9 | pay | pay | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 refuses | xcomp |
| 10 | tax | tax | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 pay | obj |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 gets | cc |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 town | det |
| 13 | town | town | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 gets | nsubj |
| 14 | gets | get | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 refuses | conj |
| 15 | new | new | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 schools | amod |
| 16 | schools | school | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 gets | obj |
| 17 | anyway | anyway | ADV | _ | 14 gets | advmod |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 refuses | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | refuse | present | a villain | a cartoon | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | ||||
| 2 | not pay | to-infinitive | a villain not said here | tax | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tax=Asset | ||||
| 3 | get | present | the town | new schools | anyway property | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer school=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: What's wrong?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 3 wrong | nsubj |
| 2 | 's | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 wrong | cop |
| 3 | wrong | wrong | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 4 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 3 wrong | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | wrong property | tree rules |
The options
Option 1
Schools are paid by fines on cartoons
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Schools | school | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 paid | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 paid | aux:pass |
| 3 | paid | pay | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | by | by | ADP | _ | 5 fines | case |
| 5 | fines | fine | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 paid | obl |
| 6 | on | on | ADP | _ | 7 cartoons | case |
| 7 | cartoons | cartoon | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 paid | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | pay | present · passive | fines | Schools | cartoons | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Asset |
Option 2
Nothing, schools appear without any money
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Nothing | nothing | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 3 schools | compound |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Nothing | punct |
| 3 | schools | school | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 appear | nsubj |
| 4 | appear | appear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | without | without | ADP | _ | 7 money | case |
| 6 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 7 money | det |
| 7 | money | money | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 appear | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | appear | present | Nothing schools | without any money | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
Option 3
Villains pay all the taxes in real towns
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Villains | villain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 pay | nsubj |
| 2 | pay | pay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 5 taxes | det:predet |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 taxes | det |
| 5 | taxes | tax | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 pay | obj |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 towns | case |
| 7 | real | real | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 towns | amod |
| 8 | towns | town | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 pay | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | pay | present | Villains | all taxes | real towns | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tax=Asset |
Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
Taxes pay for schools; if people don't pay, there's less money for them
The tree, 15 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Taxes | tax | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 pay | nsubj |
| 2 | pay | pay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | for | for | ADP | _ | 4 schools | case |
| 4 | schools | school | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 pay | obl |
| 5 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 2 pay | punct |
| 6 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 10 pay | mark |
| 7 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 pay | nsubj |
| 8 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 pay | aux |
| 9 | n't | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 10 pay | advmod |
| 10 | pay | pay | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 13 's | advcl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 pay | punct |
| 12 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 13 's | expl |
| 13 | 's | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 pay | parataxis |
| 14 | less | less | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 15 money | amod |
| 15 | money | money | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 's | nsubj |
| 16 | for | for | ADP | _ | 17 them | case |
| 17 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 money | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | pay | present | Taxes | for schools | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent for school=Theme | ||||
| 2 | not pay a condition, not said to happen | present · do-support | people | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | be | present | less money for people | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/money/36-taxes-and-the-governments-budget/t8/