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Test 9 · Taxes and the government's budget

Your mate says, "Rich people pay the same tax as everyone, it's a flat 20 quid." What's closer to the truth?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: mate, Rich people · What happens: say, pay, be · To what, where: same tax, flat 20 quid · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 9 of lesson 36 «Taxes and the government's budget» of the money course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Your mate says, "Rich people pay the same tax as everyone, it's a flat 20 quid."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 mate	nmod:poss
2	mate	mate	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	nsubj
3	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 pay	punct
5	"	"	PUNCT	_	8 pay	punct
6	Rich	rich	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 people	amod
7	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 pay	nsubj
8	pay	pay	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 says	ccomp
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 tax	det
10	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 tax	amod
11	tax	tax	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 pay	obj
12	as	as	ADP	_	13 everyone	case
13	everyone	everyone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Tot	8 pay	obl
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 quid	punct
15	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 quid	nsubj
16	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	20 quid	cop
17	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	20 quid	det
18	flat	flat	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 quid	amod
19	20	20	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	20 quid	nummod
20	quid	quid	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 pay	obl
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 says	punct
22	"	"	PUNCT	_	3 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Your mate						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	pay in a quote	present	Rich people	the same tax				as everyone	vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tax=Asset
3	is a in a quote	present	mate	a flat 20 quid					tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What's closer to the truth?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 closer	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 closer	cop
3	closer	close	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	6 truth	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 truth	det
6	truth	truth	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 closer	obl
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 closer	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						to the truth; close property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

People who earn more usually pay more pounds, and often a bigger share

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	People	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 pay	nsubj
2	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	3 earn	nsubj
3	earn	earn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 People	acl:relcl
4	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	3 earn	advmod
5	usually	usually	ADV	_	6 pay	advmod
6	pay	pay	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	8 pounds	amod
8	pounds	pound	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 pay	obj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 share	punct
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 share	cc
11	often	often	ADV	_	14 share	advmod
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 share	det
13	bigger	big	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	14 share	amod
14	share	share	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 pay	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	earn	present	People						vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	pay	present	People	more pounds				a bigger share obl; usually property	vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pound=Asset

Option 2

Everyone pays exactly £20 a year, rich or poor

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Everyone	everyone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Tot	2 pays	nsubj
2	pays	pay	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	exactly	exactly	ADV	_	4 £	advmod
4	£	£	SYM	_	2 pays	obj
5	20	20	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	4 £	nummod
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 year	det
7	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 pays	obl:unmarked
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 rich	punct
9	rich	rich	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 pays	parataxis
10	or	or	CCONJ	_	11 poor	cc
11	poor	poor	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 rich	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pay	present	Everyone				year		vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent £=Asset

Option 3

Only children pay tax in the UK

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Only	only	ADV	_	2 children	advmod
2	children	child	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 pay	nsubj
3	pay	pay	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	tax	tax	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 pay	obj
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 UK	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 UK	det
7	UK	UK	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 pay	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pay	present	children	tax		the UK			vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tax=Asset

Option 4

Rich people pay no tax because they're rich

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Rich	rich	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 people	amod
2	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 pay	nsubj
3	pay	pay	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	5 tax	det
5	tax	tax	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 pay	obj
6	because	because	SCONJ	_	9 rich	mark
7	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 rich	nsubj
8	're	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 rich	cop
9	rich	rich	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 pay	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pay	present	Rich people	no tax					vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tax=Asset
2	is	present	people					rich property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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