Exam question 1 · Animals in the sea and the river

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the classification of whales?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris, classify · To what, where: classification, whales

This is exam question 1 of lesson 11 «Animals in the sea and the river» of the myths course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 classification	det
10	classification	classification	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 whales	case
12	whales	whale	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 classification	nmod
13	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the classification of whales	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	classify		whales		nom classification «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

They are mammals, breathing air and nourishing their young with milk

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 mammals	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 mammals	cop
3	mammals	mammal	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 breathing	punct
5	breathing	breathe	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 mammals	acl
6	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 breathing	obj
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 nourishing	cc
8	nourishing	nourish	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 breathing	conj
9	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 young	nmod:poss
10	young	young	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 nourishing	obj
11	with	with	ADP	_	12 milk	case
12	milk	milk	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 nourishing	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is a	present	They	mammals		tree rules
2	breathe	gerund	mammals not said here	air		vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme
3	nourish	gerund	mammals not said here	mammals's young	with milk	vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent young=Patient with milk=Instrument

Option 2

They are reptiles possessing fins

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 reptiles	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 reptiles	cop
3	reptiles	reptile	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
4	possessing	possess	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 reptiles	acl
5	fins	fin	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 possessing	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	They	reptiles					tree rules
2	possess	gerund	reptiles not said here	fins					vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot fin=Theme

Option 3

They are amphibians, living both in and out of the water, as frogs do

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 amphibians	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 amphibians	cop
3	amphibians	amphibian	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 amphibians	punct
5	living	live	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 amphibians	acl
6	both	both	ADV	_	7 in	advmod
7	in	in	ADV	_	5 living	advmod
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 water	cc
9	out	out	ADP	_	12 water	case
10	of	of	ADP	_	12 water	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 water	det
12	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 in	conj
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 do	punct
14	as	as	SCONJ	_	16 do	mark
15	frogs	frog	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 do	nsubj
16	do	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 amphibians	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	is a	present	They	amphibians	tree rules
2	live	gerund	amphibians not said here		vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	do	present	frogs		vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 4

They are fish, by reason of their marine habitat

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 fish	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 fish	cop
3	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 reason	punct
5	by	by	ADP	_	6 reason	case
6	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 fish	conj
7	of	of	ADP	_	10 habitat	case
8	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 habitat	nmod:poss
9	marine	marine	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 habitat	amod
10	habitat	habitat	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 reason	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	They	fish and reason of fish's marine habitat					tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/myths/11-animals-in-the-sea-and-the-river/e1/