Exam question 2 · The Moon, the planets and the stars

Identify the planet of the solar system possessing the highest surface temperature, together with the reason.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, solar system · What happens: identify, possess · To what, where: planet, highest surface temperature

This is exam question 2 of lesson 14 «The Moon, the planets and the stars» of the myths course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 planet	det
3	planet	planet	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
4	of	of	ADP	_	7 system	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 system	det
6	solar	solar	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 system	amod
7	system	system	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 planet	nmod
8	possessing	possess	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	7 system	acl
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 temperature	det
10	highest	high	ADJ	Degree=Sup	12 temperature	amod
11	surface	surface	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 temperature	compound
12	temperature	temperature	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 possessing	obj
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 together	punct
14	together	together	ADV	_	1 Identify	advmod
15	with	with	ADP	_	17 reason	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 reason	det
17	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obl
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the planet of the solar system				with the reason; together property	vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent planet=Theme
2	possess	gerund	the solar system not said here	the highest surface temperature					vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot temperature=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Venus, owing to its dense atmosphere which retains heat

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Venus	Venus	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 owing	punct
3	owing	owe	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	1 Venus	acl
4	to	to	ADP	_	7 atmosphere	case
5	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 atmosphere	nmod:poss
6	dense	dense	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 atmosphere	amod
7	atmosphere	atmosphere	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 owing	obl
8	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 retains	nsubj
9	retains	retain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 atmosphere	acl:relcl
10	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 retains	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	owe	gerund	Venus not said here					to its dense atmosphere goal	vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent to atmosphere=Goal
2	retain	present	its dense atmosphere	heat					tree rules

Option 2

Mercury, owing to its proximity to the Sun, the source of heat

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Mercury	Mercury	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Mercury	punct
3	owing	owe	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	1 Mercury	acl
4	to	to	ADP	_	6 proximity	case
5	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 proximity	nmod:poss
6	proximity	proximity	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 owing	obl
7	to	to	ADP	_	9 Sun	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 Sun	det
9	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 owing	obl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 source	punct
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 source	det
12	source	source	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Mercury	appos
13	of	of	ADP	_	14 heat	case
14	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 source	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	owe	gerund	Mercury not said here					to its proximity goal; to the Sun	vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent to proximity=Goal

Option 3

Mars, owing to its red colouration

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Mars	Mars	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Mars	punct
3	owing	owe	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	1 Mars	acl
4	to	to	ADP	_	7 colouration	case
5	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 colouration	nmod:poss
6	red	red	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 colouration	amod
7	colouration	colouration	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 owing	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	owe	gerund	Mars not said here					to its red colouration goal	vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent to colouration=Goal

Option 4

Jupiter, owing to its great size

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Jupiter	Jupiter	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 owing	nsubj
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Jupiter	punct
3	owing	owe	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	7 size	case
5	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 size	nmod:poss
6	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 size	amod
7	size	size	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 owing	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	owe	gerund	Jupiter					to its great size goal	vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent to size=Goal

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/myths/14-the-moon-the-planets-and-the-stars/e2/