Exam question 3 · The Moon, the planets and the stars

Select the response that is consistent with the established facts concerning the phenomenon commonly termed a shooting star.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, response, established facts, phenomenon · What happens: select, be, establish, concern, term · To what, where: response, shooting star

This is exam question 3 of lesson 14 «The Moon, the planets and the stars» of the myths course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 consistent	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 consistent	cop
6	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 response	acl:relcl
7	with	with	ADP	_	10 facts	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 facts	det
9	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 facts	amod
10	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 consistent	obl
11	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 facts	acl
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 phenomenon	det
13	phenomenon	phenomenon	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 termed	nsubj
14	commonly	commonly	ADV	_	15 termed	advmod
15	termed	term	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	11 concerning	ccomp
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	18 star	det
17	shooting	shooting	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 star	compound
18	star	star	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 termed	obj
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response		vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	is	present	the response		with the established facts; consistent property	tree rules
3	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
4	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here			tree rules
5	term	past	the phenomenon	a shooting star	commonly property	vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent star=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Stars detached from their fixed positions in the sky and falling to Earth

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Stars	star	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
2	detached	detach	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	1 Stars	acl
3	from	from	ADP	_	6 positions	case
4	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 positions	nmod:poss
5	fixed	fix	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 positions	amod
6	positions	position	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 detached	obl
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 sky	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 sky	det
9	sky	sky	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 positions	nmod
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 falling	cc
11	falling	fall	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 detached	conj
12	to	to	ADP	_	13 Earth	case
13	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 falling	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	to whom	other	roles by
1	detach	participle	Stars not said here		from Stars's fixed positions in the sky	vn disassemble-23.3 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent from position=Co-Patient
2	fix	participle				vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient
3	fall	gerund		Earth		vn acquiesce-95.1-1 «NP V PP.pivot»: agent=Agent to earth=Pivot

Option 2

Light reflected from artificial satellites

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 reflected	nsubj
2	reflected	reflect	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	5 satellites	case
4	artificial	artificial	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 satellites	amod
5	satellites	satellite	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 reflected	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	reflect	past	Light			artificial satellites			vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Small fragments of rock and dust consumed by heat in the atmosphere

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 fragments	amod
2	fragments	fragment	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 rock	case
4	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 fragments	nmod
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 dust	cc
6	dust	dust	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 rock	conj
7	consumed	consume	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 fragments	acl
8	by	by	ADP	_	9 heat	case
9	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 consumed	obl
10	in	in	ADP	_	12 atmosphere	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 atmosphere	det
12	atmosphere	atmosphere	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 consumed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	consume	participle		Small fragments of rock and dust not said here		the atmosphere		by heat	vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 4

Distant stars undergoing explosion

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Distant	distant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 stars	amod
2	stars	star	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	undergoing	undergo	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 stars	acl
4	explosion	explosion	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 undergoing	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	undergo	gerund	Distant stars not said here	explosion					tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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