Exam question 4 · Magnets, compasses and big Earth facts

Select the response that is consistent with the established facts concerning the cause of thunder.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, response, established facts · What happens: select, be, establish, concern, cause · To what, where: response, cause, thunder

This is exam question 4 of lesson 17 «Magnets, compasses and big Earth facts» of the myths course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 consistent	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 consistent	cop
6	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 response	acl:relcl
7	with	with	ADP	_	10 facts	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 facts	det
9	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 facts	amod
10	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 consistent	obl
11	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 facts	acl
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 cause	det
13	cause	cause	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 concerning	obj
14	of	of	ADP	_	15 thunder	case
15	thunder	thunder	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 cause	nmod
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response		vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	is	present	the response		with the established facts; consistent property	tree rules
3	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
4	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the cause of thunder		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus cause=Experiencer
5	cause			thunder		nom cause «event transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It results from the collision of clouds

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 results	nsubj
2	results	result	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	5 collision	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 collision	det
5	collision	collision	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 results	nmod
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 clouds	case
7	clouds	cloud	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 collision	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	collide		clouds						nom collision «event intransitive»: of=agent

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

It results from the sudden expansion of air heated by lightning

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 results	nsubj
2	results	result	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	6 expansion	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 expansion	det
5	sudden	sudden	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 expansion	amod
6	expansion	expansion	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 results	nmod
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 air	case
8	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 expansion	nmod
9	heated	heat	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 air	acl
10	by	by	ADP	_	11 lightning	case
11	lightning	lightning	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 heated	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	heat	participle		air not said here				by lightning	vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	expand			air					nom expansion «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 3

It results from the impact of heavy rain upon the surface of the ground

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 results	nsubj
2	results	result	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	5 impact	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 impact	det
5	impact	impact	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 results	nmod
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 rain	case
7	heavy	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 rain	amod
8	rain	rain	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 impact	nmod
9	upon	upon	ADP	_	11 surface	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 surface	det
11	surface	surface	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 impact	nmod
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 ground	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 ground	det
14	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 surface	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	impact			heavy rain				upon the surface of the ground	nom impact «event transitive»: of=patient upon=obl

Option 4

It results from wind passing over mountains

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 results	nsubj
2	results	result	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	4 wind	case
4	wind	wind	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 results	nmod
5	passing	pass	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 results	acl
6	over	over	ADP	_	7 mountains	case
7	mountains	mountain	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 passing	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pass	gerund	results from wind not said here			mountains			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme over mountain=Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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