Exam question 3 · Vikings, knights and the Middle Ages

Select the response that is consistent with the established facts concerning the beliefs of educated persons in the Middle Ages regarding the shape of the Earth.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, response, established facts · What happens: select, be, establish, concern, regard, believe · To what, where: response, beliefs, educated persons

This is exam question 3 of lesson 18 «Vikings, knights and the Middle Ages» of the myths course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 consistent	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 consistent	cop
6	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 response	acl:relcl
7	with	with	ADP	_	10 facts	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 facts	det
9	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 facts	amod
10	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 consistent	obl
11	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 facts	acl
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 beliefs	det
13	beliefs	belief	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 concerning	obj
14	of	of	ADP	_	16 persons	case
15	educated	educated	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 persons	amod
16	persons	person	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 beliefs	nmod
17	in	in	ADP	_	20 Ages	case
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 Ages	det
19	Middle	Middle	PROPN	Number=Sing	20 Ages	flat
20	Ages	Age	PROPN	Number=Plur	16 persons	nmod
21	regarding	regard	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	23 shape	case
22	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	23 shape	det
23	shape	shape	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 Ages	nmod
24	of	of	ADP	_	26 Earth	case
25	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	26 Earth	det
26	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	23 shape	nmod
27	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response		vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	is	present	the response		with the established facts; consistent property	tree rules
3	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
4	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the beliefs of educated persons in the Middle Ages regard the shape of the Earth		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus belief=Experiencer
5	regard	gerund				vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
6	believe			educated persons in the Middle Ages regard the shape of the Earth		nom belief «cognition transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The Earth was understood to be spherical

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Earth	det
2	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 understood	nsubj:pass
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 understood	aux:pass
4	understood	understand	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	7 spherical	mark
6	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	7 spherical	cop
7	spherical	spherical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 understood	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	understand	past · passive		the Earth					vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus
2	is	to-infinitive						spherical property	tree rules

Option 2

The shape of the Earth was unknown to all

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 shape	det
2	shape	shape	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 unknown	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 Earth	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 Earth	det
5	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 shape	nmod
6	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 unknown	cop
7	unknown	unknown	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
8	to	to	ADP	_	9 all	case
9	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	7 unknown	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	the shape of the Earth					to all; unknown property	tree rules

Option 3

The Earth was believed to be hollow

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Earth	det
2	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 believed	nsubj:pass
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 believed	aux:pass
4	believed	believe	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	7 hollow	mark
6	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	7 hollow	cop
7	hollow	hollow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 believed	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	believe	past · passive		the Earth					vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus
2	is	to-infinitive						hollow property	tree rules

Option 4

The Earth was believed to be flat

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Earth	det
2	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 believed	nsubj:pass
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 believed	aux:pass
4	believed	believe	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	7 flat	mark
6	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	7 flat	cop
7	flat	flat	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 believed	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	believe	past · passive		the Earth					vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus
2	is	to-infinitive						flat property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/myths/18-vikings-knights-and-the-middle-ages/e3/