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Exam question 2 · Vikings, knights and the Middle Ages

It is given that the average age at death in a medieval community was approximately thirty years. Identify the principal reason for this figure.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: average age, you · What happens: give, be, identify · To what, where: It, thirty years, principal reason

This is exam question 2 of lesson 18 «Vikings, knights and the Middle Ages» of the myths course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: It is given that the average age at death in a medieval community was approximately thirty years.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 given	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 given	aux:pass
3	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	17 years	mark
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 age	det
6	average	average	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 age	amod
7	age	age	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 years	nsubj
8	at	at	ADP	_	9 death	case
9	death	death	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 age	nmod
10	in	in	ADP	_	13 community	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 community	det
12	medieval	medieval	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 community	amod
13	community	community	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 age	nmod
14	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	17 years	cop
15	approximately	approximately	ADV	_	16 thirty	advmod
16	thirty	thirty	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	17 years	nummod
17	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 given	advcl
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 given	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	present · passive		It					vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	is a	past	the average age at death in a medieval community	thirty years					tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Identify the principal reason for this figure.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	7 figure	case
6	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	7 figure	det
7	figure	figure	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 reason	nmod
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason				for this figure	vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Adults customarily died upon attaining thirty years

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Adults	adult	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 died	nsubj
2	customarily	customarily	ADV	_	3 died	advmod
3	died	die	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	upon	upon	SCONJ	_	5 attaining	mark
5	attaining	attain	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 died	advcl
6	thirty	thirty	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 years	nummod
7	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 attaining	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	die	past	Adults					customarily property	vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
2	attain	gerund	Adults not said here				year		vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 2

The figure was computed exclusively from soldiers

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 figure	det
2	figure	figure	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 computed	nsubj:pass
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 computed	aux:pass
4	computed	compute	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	_	4 computed	advmod
6	from	from	ADP	_	7 soldiers	case
7	soldiers	soldier	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 computed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	compute	past · passive		the figure		soldiers		exclusively property	vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.material»: subject=Result from soldier=Material

Option 3

No person survived beyond the age of forty

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	DET	PronType=Neg	2 person	det
2	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 survived	nsubj
3	survived	survive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	beyond	beyond	ADP	_	6 age	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 age	det
6	age	age	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 survived	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 forty	case
8	forty	forty	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	6 age	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	survive	past	no person				beyond the age of forty		vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme beyond age=Location

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

The average was depressed by the deaths of numerous infants and children

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 average	det
2	average	average	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 depressed	nsubj:pass
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 depressed	aux:pass
4	depressed	depress	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 deaths	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 deaths	det
7	deaths	death	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 depressed	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 infants	case
9	numerous	numerous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 infants	amod
10	infants	infant	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 deaths	nmod
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 children	cc
12	children	child	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 infants	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	depress	past · passive	the deaths of numerous infants and children	the average					vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus subject=Experiencer
2	die		numerous infants and children						nom death «event intransitive»: of=agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/myths/18-vikings-knights-and-the-middle-ages/e2/