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Test 11 · ★ · Vikings, knights and the Middle Ages

Your textbook calls them the "Dark Ages". Why should you be careful with that name?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: textbook, you · What happens: call, be · To what, where: them · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 11 · ★ of lesson 18 «Vikings, knights and the Middle Ages» of the myths course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Your textbook calls them the "Dark Ages".

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 textbook	nmod:poss
2	textbook	textbook	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 calls	nsubj
3	calls	call	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 calls	obj
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 Ages	det
6	"	"	PUNCT	_	8 Ages	punct
7	Dark	Dark	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 Ages	compound
8	Ages	Age	PROPN	Number=Plur	3 calls	obl
9	"	"	PUNCT	_	8 Ages	punct
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 calls	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	call	present	Your textbook	them = they			the Dark Ages		vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent they=Recipient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Why should you be careful with that name?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	5 careful	advmod
2	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 careful	aux
3	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	5 careful	nsubj
4	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	5 careful	cop
5	careful	careful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	with	with	ADP	_	8 name	case
7	that	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	8 name	det
8	name	name	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 careful	obl
9	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 careful	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	should	you					with that name; careful property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

It proves that nothing at all happened in Europe for about five hundred years

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 proves	nsubj
2	proves	prove	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	that	that	SCONJ	_	7 happened	mark
4	nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	7 happened	nsubj
5	at	at	ADP	_	6 all	case
6	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	4 nothing	nmod
7	happened	happen	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 proves	ccomp
8	in	in	ADP	_	9 Europe	case
9	Europe	Europe	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 happened	obl
10	for	for	ADP	_	14 years	case
11	about	about	ADV	_	13 hundred	advmod
12	five	five	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	13 hundred	compound
13	hundred	hundred	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	14 years	nummod
14	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 proves	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	prove	present	It				year		vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	happen	past	nothing			Europe			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in europe=Location

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

A name can carry an opinion from later writers

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 name	det
2	name	name	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 carry	nsubj
3	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 carry	aux
4	carry	carry	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 opinion	det
6	opinion	opinion	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 carry	obj
7	from	from	ADP	_	9 writers	case
8	later	late	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	9 writers	amod
9	writers	writer	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 carry	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	carry	can	a name	a opinion		later writers			vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent opinion=Theme from writer=Initial_Location

Option 3

It was literally dark all day then, because of thick clouds of smoke

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 dark	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 dark	cop
3	literally	literally	ADV	_	4 dark	advmod
4	dark	dark	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	6 day	det
6	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 dark	obl:unmarked
7	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	4 dark	advmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 clouds	punct
9	because	because	ADP	ExtPos=ADP	12 clouds	case
10	of	of	ADP	_	9 because	fixed
11	thick	thick	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 clouds	amod
12	clouds	cloud	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 dark	obl
13	of	of	ADP	_	14 smoke	case
14	smoke	smoke	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 clouds	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	It				then; day	because thick clouds of smoke; dark, literally property	tree rules
2	cloud			smoke					nom cloud «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

The name was chosen by the people who were living in those very years

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 name	det
2	name	name	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 chosen	nsubj:pass
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 chosen	aux:pass
4	chosen	choose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 people	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 people	det
7	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 chosen	obl:agent
8	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 living	nsubj
9	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 living	aux
10	living	live	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	7 people	acl:relcl
11	in	in	ADP	_	14 years	case
12	those	that	DET	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	14 years	det
13	very	very	ADV	_	14 years	advmod
14	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 living	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	choose	past · passive	the people	the name					vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme
2	live	past · progressive	the people				year		vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/myths/18-vikings-knights-and-the-middle-ages/t11/