Exam question 3 · Kings, queens and emperors

Select the response that is consistent with the established facts concerning the first emperor of Rome.

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, response, established facts · What happens: select, be, establish, concern · To what, where: response, first emperor

This is exam question 3 of lesson 19 «Kings, queens and emperors» of the myths course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 consistent	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 consistent	cop
6	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 response	acl:relcl
7	with	with	ADP	_	10 facts	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 facts	det
9	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 facts	amod
10	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 consistent	obl
11	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 facts	acl
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 emperor	det
13	first	first	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	14 emperor	amod
14	emperor	emperor	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 concerning	obj
15	of	of	ADP	_	16 Rome	case
16	Rome	Rome	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 emperor	nmod
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response		vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	is	present	the response		with the established facts; consistent property	tree rules
3	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
4	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the first emperor of Rome		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus emperor=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Cleopatra conferred the imperial title upon Caesar

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Cleopatra	Cleopatra	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 conferred	nsubj
2	conferred	confer	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 title	det
4	imperial	imperial	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 title	amod
5	title	title	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 conferred	obj
6	upon	upon	ADP	_	7 Caesar	case
7	Caesar	Caesar	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 title	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	confer	past	Cleopatra	the imperial title				upon Caesar	tree rules

Option 2

Nero was the first to hold the imperial title

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nero	Nero	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 first	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 first	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 first	det
4	first	first	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 hold	mark
6	hold	hold	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 first	acl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 title	det
8	imperial	imperial	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 title	amod
9	title	title	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 hold	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	Nero					first property	tree rules
2	hold	to-infinitive		the imperial title					vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent title=Theme

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Augustus became the first Roman emperor in 27 BC

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Augustus	Augustus	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 became	nsubj
2	became	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 emperor	det
4	first	first	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	6 emperor	amod
5	Roman	roman	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 emperor	amod
6	emperor	emperor	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 became	xcomp
7	in	in	ADP	_	8 27	case
8	27	27	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	2 became	obl
9	BC	BC	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 27	nmod:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	become	past	Augustus	the first Roman emperor				in 27 BC result	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in 27=Result

Option 4

Julius Caesar was crowned the first Roman emperor

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Julius	Julius	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 crowned	nsubj:pass
2	Caesar	Caesar	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 Julius	flat
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 crowned	aux:pass
4	crowned	crown	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 emperor	det
6	first	first	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	8 emperor	amod
7	Roman	roman	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 emperor	amod
8	emperor	emperor	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 crowned	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	crown	past · passive		Julius					vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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