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Exam question 4 · Kings, queens and emperors

It is given that an anecdote concerning a monarch was first recorded by his adversaries a century after his death. Determine the appropriate evaluation of such an anecdote.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: anecdote, adversaries, his, you · What happens: give, concern, record, die, determine, evaluate · To what, where: It, monarch, anecdote, appropriate evaluation

This is exam question 4 of lesson 19 «Kings, queens and emperors» of the myths course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: It is given that an anecdote concerning a monarch was first recorded by his adversaries a century after his death.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 given	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 given	aux:pass
3	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	12 recorded	mark
5	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 anecdote	det
6	anecdote	anecdote	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 recorded	nsubj:pass
7	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 anecdote	acl
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 monarch	det
9	monarch	monarch	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 concerning	obj
10	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	12 recorded	aux:pass
11	first	first	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	12 recorded	advmod
12	recorded	record	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 given	advcl
13	by	by	ADP	_	15 adversaries	case
14	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	15 adversaries	nmod:poss
15	adversaries	adversary	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 recorded	obl
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 century	det
17	century	century	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 adversaries	nmod:unmarked
18	after	after	ADP	_	20 death	case
19	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	20 death	nmod:poss
20	death	death	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 recorded	obl
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 given	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	present · passive		It					vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	concern	gerund	a anecdote not said here	a monarch					vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus monarch=Experiencer
3	record	past · passive	his adversaries a century	a anecdote			after his death	first property	vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme
4	die		his = he						nom death «event intransitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Determine the appropriate evaluation of such an anecdote.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Determine	determine	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 evaluation	det
3	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 evaluation	amod
4	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Determine	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	8 anecdote	case
6	such	such	DET	PronType=Ind	8 anecdote	det:predet
7	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 anecdote	det
8	anecdote	anecdote	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 evaluation	nmod
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Determine	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	determine	imperative	you not said here	the appropriate evaluation of such anecdote					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent evaluation=Topic
2	evaluate			such anecdote					nom evaluation «act transitive»: of=patient

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It constitutes weak evidence and requires corroboration

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 constitutes	nsubj
2	constitutes	constitute	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	weak	weak	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 evidence	amod
4	evidence	evidence	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 constitutes	obj
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 requires	cc
6	requires	require	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 constitutes	conj
7	corroboration	corroboration	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 requires	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	constitute	present	It	weak evidence					vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme evidence=Pivot
2	require	present		corroboration					vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme corroboration=Precondition

Option 2

It constitutes conclusive proof by reason of its antiquity

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 constitutes	nsubj
2	constitutes	constitute	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	conclusive	conclusive	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 proof	amod
4	proof	proof	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 constitutes	obj
5	by	by	ADP	_	6 reason	case
6	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 constitutes	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 antiquity	case
8	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 antiquity	nmod:poss
9	antiquity	antiquity	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 reason	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	constitute	present	It	conclusive proof				by reason of reason's antiquity	vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme proof=Pivot

Option 3

It must be presumed true unless disproved

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 presumed	nsubj:pass
2	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 presumed	aux
3	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	4 presumed	aux:pass
4	presumed	presume	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 presumed	xcomp
6	unless	unless	SCONJ	_	7 disproved	mark
7	disproved	disprove	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 presumed	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	presume	must · passive		It				true property	vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	disprove a condition, not said to happen	participle							vn deduce-97.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent

Option 4

It must be presumed to state the opposite of the truth

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 presumed	nsubj:pass
2	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 presumed	aux
3	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	4 presumed	aux:pass
4	presumed	presume	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 state	mark
6	state	state	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 presumed	xcomp
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 opposite	det
8	opposite	opposite	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 state	obj
9	of	of	ADP	_	11 truth	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 truth	det
11	truth	truth	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 opposite	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	presume	must · passive		It					tree rules
2	state speech: other	to-infinitive		the opposite of the truth					vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent opposite=Topic

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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