Exam question 4 · Explorers, scientists and inventors
It is given that the Wright brothers achieved a flight in the year 1903. Determine the distinction properly ascribed to that flight.
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Wright brothers, you · What happens: give, achieve, determine, ascribe · To what, where: It, flight, distinction
This is exam question 4 of lesson 20 «Explorers, scientists and inventors» of the myths course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: It is given that the Wright brothers achieved a flight in the year 1903.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 given | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 given | aux:pass |
| 3 | given | give | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 8 achieved | mark |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 brothers | det |
| 6 | Wright | Wright | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 brothers | compound |
| 7 | brothers | brother | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 achieved | nsubj |
| 8 | achieved | achieve | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 given | advcl |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 flight | det |
| 10 | flight | flight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 achieved | obj |
| 11 | in | in | ADP | _ | 13 year | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 year | det |
| 13 | year | year | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 achieved | obl |
| 14 | 1903 | 1903 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 13 year | flat |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 given | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give | present · passive | It | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 2 | achieve | past | the Wright brothers | a flight | year | vn complete-55.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flight=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Determine the distinction properly ascribed to that flight.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Determine | determine | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 distinction | det |
| 3 | distinction | distinction | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Determine | obj |
| 4 | properly | properly | ADV | _ | 5 ascribed | advmod |
| 5 | ascribed | ascribe | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 distinction | acl |
| 6 | to | to | ADP | _ | 8 flight | case |
| 7 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 8 flight | det |
| 8 | flight | flight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 ascribed | obl |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Determine | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | determine | imperative | you not said here | the distinction | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent distinction=Topic | ||||
| 2 | ascribe | participle | the distinction not said here | to that flight; properly property | tree rules |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
The first flight of a hot-air balloon
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 flight | det |
| 2 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 3 flight | amod |
| 3 | flight | flight | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 balloon | case |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 balloon | det |
| 6 | hot | hot | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 air | amod |
| 7 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 6 hot | punct |
| 8 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 balloon | compound |
| 9 | balloon | balloon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 flight | nmod |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 2
The first crossing of the Atlantic by air
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 crossing | det |
| 2 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 3 crossing | amod |
| 3 | crossing | crossing | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 Atlantic | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 Atlantic | det |
| 6 | Atlantic | Atlantic | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 crossing | nmod |
| 7 | by | by | ADP | _ | 8 air | case |
| 8 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 crossing | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cross | air | the Atlantic | nom crossing «act transitive»: of=patient by=agent |
Option 3 · ✓ the right answer
The first powered, controlled and sustained aeroplane flight
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 powered | det |
| 2 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 3 powered | amod |
| 3 | powered | power | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 controlled | punct |
| 5 | controlled | control | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 powered | conj |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 flight | cc |
| 7 | sustained | sustain | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 flight | amod |
| 8 | aeroplane | aeroplane | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 flight | compound |
| 9 | flight | flight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 powered | conj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | power | participle | tree rules | ||||||
| 2 | control | participle | vn enforce-63 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 3 | sustain | participle | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent |
Option 4
The first ascent of any human being into the air
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 ascent | det |
| 2 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 3 ascent | amod |
| 3 | ascent | ascent | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 air | case |
| 5 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 10 air | det |
| 6 | human | human | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 air | amod |
| 7 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 10 air | cop |
| 8 | into | into | ADP | _ | 10 air | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 air | det |
| 10 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 ascent | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | gerund | of any human air | tree rules |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/myths/20-explorers-scientists-and-inventors/e4/