Test 2 · ★ · Explorers, scientists and inventors

Mrs Brown says sailors feared falling off the flat Earth. How could you raise it politely?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: Mrs, sailors, you · What happens: say, fear, fall off, raise · To what, where: flat Earth, Earth · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 2 · ★ of lesson 20 «Explorers, scientists and inventors» of the myths course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Mrs Brown says sailors feared falling off the flat Earth.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Mrs	Mrs	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 says	nsubj
2	Brown	Brown	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 Mrs	flat
3	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	sailors	sailor	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 feared	nsubj
5	feared	fear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 says	ccomp
6	falling	fall	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 feared	xcomp
7	off	off	ADP	_	10 Earth	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 Earth	det
9	flat	flat	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 Earth	amod
10	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 falling	obl
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Mrs		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	fear	past	sailors		vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
3	fall off	gerund	sailors not said here	the flat Earth	vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V NP.extent PP.source PP.goal»: agent=Patient earth=Extent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: How could you raise it politely?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	How	how	ADV	PronType=Int	4 raise	advmod
2	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 raise	aux
3	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	4 raise	nsubj
4	raise	raise	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 raise	obj
6	politely	politely	ADV	_	4 raise	advmod
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 raise	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	raise	could	you	Earth				politely property	vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme

The options

Option 1

"Miss, the flat Earth is true, my cousin said so"

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	2 Miss	punct
2	Miss	Miss	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 said	nsubj
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 true	punct
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 Earth	det
5	flat	flat	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 Earth	amod
6	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 true	nsubj
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 true	cop
8	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 Miss	conj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 said	punct
10	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 cousin	nmod:poss
11	cousin	cousin	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 said	nsubj
12	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
13	so	so	ADV	_	12 said	advmod
14	"	"	PUNCT	_	12 said	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is in a quote	present	the flat Earth					true property	tree rules
2	say speech: assert in a quote	past	Miss						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent

Option 2

Say nothing, because teachers can never be wrong about anything at all

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Say	say	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	1 Say	obj
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 wrong	punct
4	because	because	SCONJ	_	9 wrong	mark
5	teachers	teacher	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 wrong	nsubj
6	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	9 wrong	aux
7	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	9 wrong	advmod
8	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	9 wrong	cop
9	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Say	parataxis
10	about	about	ADP	_	11 anything	case
11	anything	anything	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	9 wrong	obl
12	at	at	ADP	_	13 all	case
13	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	11 anything	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	imperative	you not said here	nothing					vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent nothing=Topic
2	not is	can	teachers					about anything; wrong property	tree rules

Option 3

"Miss, that's totally wrong, everyone knows that"

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	2 Miss	punct
2	Miss	Miss	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 knows	nsubj
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 wrong	punct
4	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	7 wrong	nsubj
5	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 wrong	cop
6	totally	totally	ADV	_	7 wrong	advmod
7	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 Miss	conj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 Miss	punct
9	everyone	everyone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Tot	10 knows	nsubj
10	knows	know	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
11	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	10 knows	obj
12	"	"	PUNCT	_	10 knows	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is in a quote	present	that					totally, wrong property	tree rules
2	know in a quote	present	Miss	that					vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer that=Stimulus

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

"Miss, I read people knew it was round; they argued about its size"

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	2 Miss	punct
2	Miss	Miss	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 argued	nsubj
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 read	punct
4	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	5 read	nsubj
5	read	read	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 Miss	acl:relcl
6	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 knew	nsubj
7	knew	know	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 read	ccomp
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 round	nsubj
9	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 round	cop
10	round	round	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 knew	ccomp
11	;	;	PUNCT	_	13 argued	punct
12	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 argued	nsubj
13	argued	argue	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
14	about	about	ADP	_	16 size	case
15	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	16 size	nmod:poss
16	size	size	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 argued	obl
17	"	"	PUNCT	_	13 argued	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	read in a quote	present	I	Miss not said here		tree rules
2	know in a quote	past	people			vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
3	is in a quote	past	it		round property	tree rules
4	argue speech: disagree in a quote	past	Miss		about its size	vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V PP.theme S»: agent=Agent about size=Topic

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/myths/20-explorers-scientists-and-inventors/t2/