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Test 3 · ★ · Explorers, scientists and inventors

In a cartoon, an apple bonks Newton's head and a light bulb appears. What's closer to the real story?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: apple, light bulb · What happens: bonk, appear, be · To what, where: head, cartoon

This is test 3 · ★ of lesson 20 «Explorers, scientists and inventors» of the myths course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In a cartoon, an apple bonks Newton's head and a light bulb appears.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 cartoon	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 cartoon	det
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 bonks	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 cartoon	punct
5	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 apple	det
6	apple	apple	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 bonks	nsubj
7	bonks	bonk	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	Newton	Newton	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 head	nmod:poss
9	's	's	PART	_	8 Newton	case
10	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 bonks	obj
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 appears	cc
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 bulb	det
13	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 bulb	compound
14	bulb	bulb	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 appears	nsubj
15	appears	appear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 bonks	conj
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 bonks	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bonk	present	a apple	Newton's head		a cartoon			vn spank-18.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent head=Patient in cartoon=Location
2	appear	present	a light bulb						vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What's closer to the real story?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 closer	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 closer	cop
3	closer	close	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	7 story	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 story	det
6	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 story	amod
7	story	story	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 closer	obl
8	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 closer	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						to the real story; close property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

He dropped apples off a tall tower to watch them break on the ground

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 dropped	nsubj
2	dropped	drop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	apples	apple	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 dropped	obj
4	off	off	ADP	_	7 tower	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 tower	det
6	tall	tall	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 tower	amod
7	tower	tower	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 dropped	obl
8	to	to	PART	_	9 watch	mark
9	watch	watch	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 dropped	advcl
10	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 watch	obj
11	break	break	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 watch	xcomp
12	on	on	ADP	_	14 ground	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 ground	det
14	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 break	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	drop	past	He	apples		a tall tower			vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent apple=Theme off tower=Destination
2	watch	to-infinitive	He not said here	apples = apple					tree rules
3	break	infinitive	apples = apple not said here			the ground			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on ground=Location

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

He saw an apple fall and thought about gravity for years

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 saw	nsubj
2	saw	see	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 apple	det
4	apple	apple	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 fall	nsubj
5	fall	fall	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 saw	ccomp
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 thought	cc
7	thought	think	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 saw	conj
8	about	about	ADP	_	9 gravity	case
9	gravity	gravity	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 thought	obl
10	for	for	ADP	_	11 years	case
11	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 thought	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	see	past	He						vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
2	fall	infinitive	a apple						vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	think speech: other	past	He not said here				year	about gravity	vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about gravity=Topic

Option 3

He got the idea from a light bulb he saw

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 got	nsubj
2	got	get	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 idea	det
4	idea	idea	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 got	obj
5	from	from	ADP	_	8 bulb	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 bulb	det
7	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 bulb	compound
8	bulb	bulb	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 got	obl
9	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 saw	nsubj
10	saw	see	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 bulb	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	get	past	He	the idea		a light bulb			vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent idea=Theme from bulb=Source
2	see	past	he	a light bulb not said here					vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer bulb=Stimulus

Option 4

He was hit and understood gravity in one second

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 hit	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 hit	aux:pass
3	hit	hit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 understood	cc
5	understood	understand	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 hit	conj
6	gravity	gravity	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 hit	obj
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 second	case
8	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	9 second	nummod
9	second	second	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 hit	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hit	past · passive		He			second		vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP ADJP»: subject=Patient gravity=Result
2	understand	participle							vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/myths/20-explorers-scientists-and-inventors/t3/