Test 4 · ★ · Explorers, scientists and inventors

What would have happened if the Americas had not been there?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Americas · What happens: happen, not be

This is test 4 · ★ of lesson 20 «Explorers, scientists and inventors» of the myths course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 happened	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 happened	aux
3	have	have	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	4 happened	aux
4	happened	happen	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	if	if	SCONJ	_	11 there	mark
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 Americas	det
7	Americas	AMERICAS	PROPN	Number=Plur	11 there	nsubj
8	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	11 there	aux
9	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	11 there	advmod
10	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	11 there	cop
11	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	4 happened	advcl
12	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 happened	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	happen	would · perfect							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	not is a condition, not said to happen	past · perfect	the Americas					there property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

Columbus's crew would probably have run out of food before reaching Asia

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Columbus	Columbus	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 crew	nmod:poss
2	's	's	PART	_	1 Columbus	case
3	crew	crew	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 run	nsubj:pass
4	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 run	aux
5	probably	probably	ADV	_	7 run	advmod
6	have	have	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	7 run	aux
7	run	run	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
8	out	out	ADP	_	10 food	case
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 food	case
10	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 run	obl
11	before	before	SCONJ	_	12 reaching	mark
12	reaching	reach	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	7 run	advcl
13	Asia	Asia	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 reaching	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	run	would · perfect · passive		Columbus's crew		food		probably property	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: subject=Theme out food=Trajectory
2	reach	gerund		Asia					vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent asia=Theme

Option 2

The ships would have sailed off the edge of the world

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 ships	det
2	ships	ship	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 sailed	nsubj:pass
3	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 sailed	aux
4	have	have	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	5 sailed	aux
5	sailed	sail	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	off	off	ADP	_	8 edge	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 edge	det
8	edge	edge	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 sailed	obl
9	of	of	ADP	_	11 world	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 world	det
11	world	world	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 edge	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sail	would · perfect · passive		the ships		the edge of the world			vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Theme off edge=Trajectory

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

Columbus would have reached China in three days

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Columbus	Columbus	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 reached	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 reached	aux
3	have	have	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	4 reached	aux
4	reached	reach	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	China	China	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 reached	obj
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 days	case
7	three	three	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 days	nummod
8	days	day	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 reached	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	reach	would · perfect	Columbus	China			day		vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent china=Theme

Option 4

The sea would have carried them back to Spain

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 sea	det
2	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 carried	nsubj:pass
3	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 carried	aux
4	have	have	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	5 carried	aux
5	carried	carry	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 carried	obj
7	back	back	ADV	_	5 carried	advmod
8	to	to	ADP	_	9 Spain	case
9	Spain	Spain	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 carried	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	carry back	would · perfect · passive		the sea	Spain				vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP NP»: subject=Beneficiary they=Value

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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