Test 5 · ★ · Explorers, scientists and inventors

"Edison invented light bulbs, end of" Which is the fairest answer?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: Edison, end · What happens: invent, be · To what, where: light bulbs · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 5 · ★ of lesson 20 «Explorers, scientists and inventors» of the myths course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	3 invented	punct
2	Edison	Edison	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 invented	nsubj
3	invented	invent	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 bulbs	compound
5	bulbs	bulb	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 invented	obj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 end	punct
7	end	end	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 bulbs	conj
8	of	of	ADP	_	14 answer	case
9	"	"	PUNCT	_	14 answer	punct
10	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	14 answer	nsubj
11	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 answer	cop
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 answer	det
13	fairest	fair	ADJ	Degree=Sup	14 answer	amod
14	answer	answer	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 end	nmod
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 invented	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	invent in a quote	past	Edison	light bulbs and end					vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bulb=Result
2	be speech: assert	present	end					of the fairest answer	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Edison stole the whole idea and did nothing

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Edison	Edison	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 stole	nsubj
2	stole	steal	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 idea	det
4	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 idea	amod
5	idea	idea	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 stole	obj
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 did	cc
7	did	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 stole	conj
8	nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	7 did	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	steal	past	Edison	the whole idea					vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location idea=Theme
2	do	past	Edison not said here	nothing					vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nothing=Eventuality

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Many people made bulbs; Edison's team made a practical one

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 people	amod
2	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 made	nsubj
3	made	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	bulbs	bulb	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 made	obj
5	;	;	PUNCT	_	9 made	punct
6	Edison	Edison	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 team	nmod:poss
7	's	's	PART	_	6 Edison	case
8	team	team	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 made	nsubj
9	made	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 made	parataxis
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 one	det
11	practical	practical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 one	amod
12	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 made	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	past	Many people	bulbs					vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bulb=Product
2	make	past	Edison's team	a practical one					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset one=Product

Option 3

Light bulbs were invented by the Romans

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 bulbs	compound
2	bulbs	bulb	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 invented	nsubj:pass
3	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 invented	aux:pass
4	invented	invent	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 Romans	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 Romans	det
7	Romans	Roman	PROPN	Number=Plur	4 invented	obl:agent

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	invent	past · passive	the Romans	Light bulbs					vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Result

Option 4

Edison invented the light bulb all on his own in a single night

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Edison	Edison	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 invented	nsubj
2	invented	invent	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 bulb	det
4	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 bulb	compound
5	bulb	bulb	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 invented	obj
6	all	all	ADV	_	9 own	advmod
7	on	on	ADP	_	9 own	case
8	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 own	nmod:poss
9	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 invented	obl
10	in	in	ADP	_	13 night	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 night	det
12	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 night	amod
13	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 invented	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	invent	past	Edison	the light bulb		Edison's own	night		vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bulb=Result

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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