Test 6 · ★ · Explorers, scientists and inventors
Rory's poster says "Columbus discovered America". What is missing?
Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: poster, Columbus, Rory · What happens: say, discover, post, be · To what, where: America · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 6 · ★ of lesson 20 «Explorers, scientists and inventors» of the myths course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: Rory's poster says "Columbus discovered America".
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Rory | Rory | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 poster | nmod:poss |
| 2 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 1 Rory | case |
| 3 | poster | poster | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 says | nsubj |
| 4 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 discovered | punct |
| 6 | Columbus | Columbus | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 discovered | nsubj |
| 7 | discovered | discover | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 says | ccomp |
| 8 | America | America | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 discovered | obj |
| 9 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 discovered | punct |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 says | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | present | Rory's poster | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | discover in a quote | past | Columbus | America | vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent america=Topic | ||||
| 3 | post | Rory | nom poster «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: What is missing?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 3 missing | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 missing | cop |
| 3 | missing | missing | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 4 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 3 missing | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | missing property | tree rules |
The options
Option 1
Nothing, he was the first person ever to see it
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Nothing | nothing | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 7 person | nsubj |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Nothing | punct |
| 3 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 person | nsubj |
| 4 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 person | cop |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 person | det |
| 6 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 7 person | amod |
| 7 | person | person | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 8 | ever | ever | ADV | PronType=Ind | 7 person | advmod |
| 9 | to | to | PART | _ | 10 see | mark |
| 10 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 person | acl |
| 11 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 see | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | Nothing | the first person | ever | tree rules | |||
| 2 | see | to-infinitive | person | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus |
Option 2 · ← Mova's choice
That he landed in New York first
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | That | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 3 landed | nsubj |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 landed | nsubj |
| 3 | landed | land | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 York | case |
| 5 | New | New | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 York | flat |
| 6 | York | York | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 landed | obl |
| 7 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 3 landed | advmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | land | past | That | New York | first property | vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme in york=Destination |
Option 3
The date, because he really came in 1900
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 date | det |
| 2 | date | date | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 came | nsubj |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 came | punct |
| 4 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 7 came | mark |
| 5 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 came | nsubj |
| 6 | really | really | ADV | _ | 7 came | advmod |
| 7 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | in | in | ADP | _ | 9 1900 | case |
| 9 | 1900 | 1900 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 7 came | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come | past | the date | 1900 | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in 1900=Location |
Option 4 · ✓ the right answer
Millions of people already lived there, and Norse sailors came earlier
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Millions | million | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 lived | nsubj |
| 2 | of | of | ADP | _ | 3 people | case |
| 3 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Millions | nmod |
| 4 | already | already | ADV | _ | 5 lived | advmod |
| 5 | lived | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 5 lived | advmod |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 came | punct |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 came | cc |
| 9 | Norse | norse | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 sailors | amod |
| 10 | sailors | sailor | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 came | nsubj |
| 11 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 lived | conj |
| 12 | earlier | early | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 11 came | advmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | live | past | Millions of people | there | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | come | past | Norse sailors | early property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/myths/20-explorers-scientists-and-inventors/t6/