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Test 2 · Ancient times and famous stories

A video game shows every gladiator fight ending in death. Why would a real owner avoid that?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: video game, gladiator fight, real owner · What happens: show, end, avoid · To what, where: gladiator fight, death, that

This is test 2 of lesson 21 «Ancient times and famous stories» of the myths course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A video game shows every gladiator fight ending in death.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 game	det
2	video	video	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 game	compound
3	game	game	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 shows	nsubj
4	shows	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	7 fight	det
6	gladiator	gladiator	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 fight	compound
7	fight	fight	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 shows	obj
8	ending	end	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	7 fight	acl
9	in	in	ADP	_	10 death	case
10	death	death	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 ending	obl
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 shows	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	present	a video game	every gladiator fight					vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent fight=Recipient
2	end	gerund	every gladiator fight not said here			death			vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Why would a real owner avoid that?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	6 avoid	advmod
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 avoid	aux
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 owner	det
4	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 owner	amod
5	owner	owner	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 avoid	nsubj
6	avoid	avoid	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
7	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	6 avoid	obj
8	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 avoid	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	avoid	would	a real owner	that					vn avoid-52 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent that=Location

The options

Option 1

Romans did not know how to use swords

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Romans	Roman	PROPN	Number=Plur	4 know	nsubj
2	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 know	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 know	advmod
4	know	know	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	7 use	advmod
6	to	to	PART	_	7 use	mark
7	use	use	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 know	ccomp
8	swords	sword	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 use	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not know	past · do-support	Romans						vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
2	use	to-infinitive		swords					vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sword=Patient

Option 2

Gladiators were not allowed to touch each other

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Gladiators	gladiator	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 allowed	nsubj:pass
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 allowed	aux:pass
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 allowed	advmod
4	allowed	allow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 touch	mark
6	touch	touch	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 allowed	xcomp
7	each	each	DET	ExtPos=PRON PronType=Rcp	6 touch	obj
8	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 each	fixed

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not allow	past · passive		Gladiators					vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP S»: subject=Beneficiary clause=Eventuality
2	touch not said to happen	to-infinitive	Gladiators not said here	each					vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme each=Co-Theme

Option 3

The crowd always wanted both fighters to walk out alive and well

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 crowd	det
2	crowd	crowd	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 wanted	nsubj
3	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	4 wanted	advmod
4	wanted	want	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	6 fighters	det
6	fighters	fighter	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 wanted	obj
7	to	to	PART	_	8 walk	mark
8	walk	walk	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 wanted	xcomp
9	out	out	ADV	_	8 walk	advmod
10	alive	alive	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 walk	xcomp
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 well	cc
12	well	well	ADV	Degree=Pos	10 alive	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	want	past	the crowd	both fighters				always property	tree rules
2	walk out not said to happen	to-infinitive	both fighters not said here					alive, out property	vn resign-10.11 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Trained gladiators were expensive, so losing one cost a lot

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Trained	train	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 gladiators	amod
2	gladiators	gladiator	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 expensive	nsubj
3	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 expensive	cop
4	expensive	expensive	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 losing	punct
6	so	so	ADV	_	7 losing	advmod
7	losing	lose	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 expensive	advcl
8	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	9 cost	nummod
9	cost	cost	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 losing	obj
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 lot	det
11	lot	lot	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 losing	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	train	participle							vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	is	past	Trained gladiators					expensive property	tree rules
3	lose	gerund	Trained gladiators not said here	one cost				a lot obl:unmarked	vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cost=Eventuality

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/myths/21-ancient-times-and-famous-stories/t2/