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Exam question 4 · Pets and farm animals

It is given that a pig rolls in mud on a warm day. Ascertain the principal reason for this conduct.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: pig, you · What happens: give, roll, ascertain · To what, where: It, mud, principal reason

This is exam question 4 of lesson 7 «Pets and farm animals» of the myths course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: It is given that a pig rolls in mud on a warm day.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 given	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 given	aux:pass
3	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	7 rolls	mark
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 pig	det
6	pig	pig	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 rolls	nsubj
7	rolls	roll	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 given	advcl
8	in	in	ADP	_	9 mud	case
9	mud	mud	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 rolls	obl
10	on	on	ADP	_	13 day	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 day	det
12	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 day	amod
13	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 rolls	obl
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 given	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	present · passive		It					vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	roll	present	a pig			mud	day		vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in mud=Trajectory

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Ascertain the principal reason for this conduct.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ascertain	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	7 conduct	case
6	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	7 conduct	det
7	conduct	conduct	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 reason	nmod
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason				for this conduct	vn ensure-99 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Precondition reason=Theme for conduct=Beneficiary

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It is concealing itself from the farmer

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 concealing	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 concealing	aux
3	concealing	conceal	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	itself	itself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	3 concealing	obj
5	from	from	ADP	_	7 farmer	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 farmer	det
7	farmer	farmer	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 concealing	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	conceal	present · progressive	It	itself = it				from the farmer	vn concealment-16 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent itself=Patient from farmer=Beneficiary

Option 2

It derives pleasure from uncleanliness and seeks to repel its enemies by smell

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 derives	nsubj
2	derives	derive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	pleasure	pleasure	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 derives	obj
4	from	from	ADP	_	5 uncleanliness	case
5	uncleanliness	uncleanliness	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 derives	obl
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 seeks	cc
7	seeks	seek	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 derives	conj
8	to	to	PART	_	9 repel	mark
9	repel	repel	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 seeks	xcomp
10	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 enemies	nmod:poss
11	enemies	enemy	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 repel	obj
12	by	by	ADP	_	13 smell	case
13	smell	smell	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 repel	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	derive	present	It	pleasure		uncleanliness			vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.material»: agent=Agent pleasure=Result from uncleanliness=Material
2	seek	present							tree rules
3	repel not said to happen	to-infinitive		uncleanliness's enemies				by smell	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus enemy=Experiencer

Option 3

It is seeking food buried within the mud

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 seeking	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 seeking	aux
3	seeking	seek	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 seeking	obj
5	buried	bury	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 food	acl
6	within	within	ADP	_	8 mud	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 mud	det
8	mud	mud	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 buried	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	seek	present · progressive	It	food					vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Theme
2	bury	participle		food not said here				within the mud	vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

It is unable to sweat sufficiently and is thereby cooled and protected

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 unable	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 unable	cop
3	unable	unable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 sweat	mark
5	sweat	sweat	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 unable	xcomp
6	sufficiently	sufficiently	ADV	_	5 sweat	advmod
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 cooled	cc
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 cooled	aux:pass
9	thereby	thereby	ADV	_	10 cooled	advmod
10	cooled	cool	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 unable	conj
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 protected	cc
12	protected	protect	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 cooled	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It					unable property	tree rules
2	sweat	to-infinitive						sufficiently property	vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	cool	present · passive						thereby property	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»
4	protect	participle							vn defend-72.3 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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