Test 7 · ★★ · Wild animals and tall tales

A shop sells "shark cartilage, because sharks never get cancer". What two questions should you ask?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: shop, sharks, two questions · What happens: sell, not get, ask · To what, where: shark cartilage, cancer

This is test 7 · ★★ of lesson 8 «Wild animals and tall tales» of the myths course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A shop sells "shark cartilage, because sharks never get cancer".

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 shop	det
2	shop	shop	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 sells	nsubj
3	sells	sell	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	"	"	PUNCT	_	6 cartilage	punct
5	shark	shark	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 cartilage	compound
6	cartilage	cartilage	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 sells	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 get	punct
8	because	because	SCONJ	_	11 get	mark
9	sharks	shark	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 get	nsubj
10	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	11 get	advmod
11	get	get	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 sells	parataxis
12	cancer	cancer	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 get	obj
13	"	"	PUNCT	_	11 get	punct
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 sells	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sell	present	a shop	shark cartilage					tree rules
2	not get in a quote	present	sharks	cancer					vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer cancer=Stimulus

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What two questions should you ask?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	6 ask	obj
2	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	3 questions	nummod
3	questions	question	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 ask	nsubj
4	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 ask	aux
5	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	6 ask	nsubj
6	ask	ask	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 ask	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ask speech: ask	should	two questions						vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent what=Recipient

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Is the shark famous, and how old was it when it was caught?

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 famous	cop
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 shark	det
3	shark	shark	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 famous	nsubj
4	famous	famous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 caught	punct
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 caught	cc
7	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	8 old	advmod
8	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 caught	advcl
9	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 it	cop
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 old	nsubj
11	when	when	SCONJ	_	14 caught	mark
12	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 caught	nsubj:pass
13	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	14 caught	aux:pass
14	caught	catch	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 famous	conj
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 famous	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	present	the shark		famous property	tree rules
2	is a	past		shark		tree rules
3	catch	past · passive		shark		vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Is it true, and who makes money from saying it?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
2	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 true	nsubj
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 makes	punct
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 makes	cc
6	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 makes	nsubj
7	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	conj
8	money	money	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 makes	obj
9	from	from	SCONJ	_	10 saying	mark
10	saying	say	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	7 makes	advcl
11	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 saying	obj
12	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	present	it		true property	tree rules
2	make	present		money		vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Product
3	say speech: assert	gerund		money		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent it=Topic

Option 3

Is it tasty, and can I have two?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 tasty	cop
2	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 tasty	nsubj
3	tasty	tasty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 have	punct
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 have	cc
6	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 have	aux
7	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	8 have	nsubj
8	have	have	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 tasty	conj
9	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 have	obj
10	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 tasty	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	it					tasty property	tree rules
2	have	can	I	two					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent two=Patient

Option 4

What colour is the box, and is it big?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	DET	PronType=Int	2 colour	det
2	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 box	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 box	cop
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 box	det
5	box	box	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 big	punct
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 big	cc
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 big	cop
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 big	nsubj
10	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 box	amod
11	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 box	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	what colour	the box					tree rules
2	is	present	colour					big property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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