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Exam question 3 · Why things fall: the apple and the pull of the Earth

It is given that a ball is projected vertically upwards. Ascertain the condition of the gravitational force at the highest point of its path.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: give, project, ascertain, condition, point · To what, where: It, ball, condition, gravitational force, path

This is exam question 3 of lesson 1 «Why things fall: the apple and the pull of the Earth» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: It is given that a ball is projected vertically upwards.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 given	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 given	aux:pass
3	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	8 projected	mark
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 ball	det
6	ball	ball	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 projected	nsubj:pass
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 projected	aux:pass
8	projected	project	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 given	advcl
9	vertically	vertically	ADV	_	8 projected	advmod
10	upwards	upwards	ADV	_	8 projected	advmod
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 given	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	present · passive		It					vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	project	present · passive		a ball				upwards, vertically property	vn estimate-34.2-1-1 «NP V NP.value»: subject=Value

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Ascertain the condition of the gravitational force at the highest point of its path.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 condition	det
3	condition	condition	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ascertain	obj
4	of	of	ADP	_	7 force	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 force	det
6	gravitational	gravitational	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 force	amod
7	force	force	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 condition	nmod
8	at	at	ADP	_	11 point	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 point	det
10	highest	high	ADJ	Degree=Sup	11 point	amod
11	point	point	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 force	nmod
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 path	case
13	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 path	nmod:poss
14	path	path	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 point	nmod
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	the condition of the gravitational force at the highest point of point's path					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent condition=Topic
2	condition			the gravitational force at the highest point of point's path					nom condition «state transitive»: of=patient
3	point			point's path					nom point «cognition transitive»: of=patient

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It is reversed and acts upwards

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 reversed	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 reversed	aux:pass
3	reversed	reverse	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 acts	cc
5	acts	act	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 reversed	conj
6	upwards	upwards	ADV	_	5 acts	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	reverse	present · passive		It					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient
2	act	present						upwards property	vn act-114-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

It continues to act upon the ball

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 continues	nsubj
2	continues	continue	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	to	to	PART	_	4 act	mark
4	act	act	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 continues	xcomp
5	upon	upon	ADP	_	7 ball	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 ball	det
7	ball	ball	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 act	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	continue	present	It						vn continue-55.3 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality
2	act	to-infinitive						upon the ball	vn act-114-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3

It is replaced by the resistance of the air

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 replaced	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 replaced	aux:pass
3	replaced	replace	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	6 resistance	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 resistance	det
6	resistance	resistance	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 replaced	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 air	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 air	det
9	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 resistance	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	replace	present · passive	the resistance of the air	It					vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme subject=Co-Theme
2	resist			the air					nom resistance «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 4

It ceases entirely for an instant

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 ceases	nsubj
2	ceases	cease	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	entirely	entirely	ADV	_	2 ceases	advmod
4	for	for	ADP	_	6 instant	case
5	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 instant	det
6	instant	instant	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 ceases	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cease	present	It					for a instant; entirely property	vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/1-why-things-fall/e3/