Test 1 · Why things fall: the apple and the pull of the Earth

my brother says heavy stuff always falls faster, end of. right?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: brother, heavy stuff · What happens: say, fall · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 1 of lesson 1 «Why things fall: the apple and the pull of the Earth» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 brother	nmod:poss
2	brother	brother	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	nsubj
3	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	heavy	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 stuff	amod
5	stuff	stuff	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 falls	nsubj
6	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	7 falls	advmod
7	falls	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 says	ccomp
8	faster	fast	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	7 falls	xcomp
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 end	punct
10	end	end	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 falls	obl
11	of	of	ADP	_	10 end	case
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 says	punct
13	right	right	INTJ	_	3 says	discourse
14	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	my brother						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	fall	present	heavy stuff				of end	always, fast property	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme of end=Initial_Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

No, without air heavy and light fall together

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	5 heavy	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 heavy	punct
3	without	without	SCONJ	_	5 heavy	mark
4	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 heavy	nsubj
5	heavy	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 fall	nsubj
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 light	cc
7	light	light	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 heavy	conj
8	fall	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	together	together	ADV	_	8 fall	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fall together	present	heavy					together property	vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

No, light things always fall faster

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	3 light	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	light	light	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 things	amod
4	things	thing	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 fall	nsubj
5	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	6 fall	advmod
6	fall	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	faster	fast	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	6 fall	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fall	present	light things					always, fast property	vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

Yes, that is what Galileo showed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	5 what	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	5 what	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 what	cop
5	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	root	root
6	Galileo	Galileo	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 showed	nsubj
7	showed	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 what	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	that						tree rules
2	show	past	Galileo						vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 4

Yes, twice as heavy means twice as fast

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	5 heavy	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	twice	twice	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	5 heavy	advmod
4	as	as	ADV	_	5 heavy	advmod
5	heavy	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 means	nsubj
6	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	twice	twice	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	6 means	advmod
8	as	as	ADV	_	9 fast	advmod
9	fast	fast	ADV	Degree=Pos	6 means	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean	present	heavy					fast, twice property	vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/1-why-things-fall/t1/