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Test 2 · Why things fall: the apple and the pull of the Earth

In a cartoon a coyote runs off a cliff and only falls when he looks down. What is wrong?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: coyote · What happens: run off, fall, look down, be · To what, where: cliff, cartoon

This is test 2 of lesson 1 «Why things fall: the apple and the pull of the Earth» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In a cartoon a coyote runs off a cliff and only falls when he looks down.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 cartoon	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 cartoon	det
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 runs	obl
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 coyote	det
5	coyote	coyote	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 runs	nsubj
6	runs	run	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	off	off	ADP	_	6 runs	compound:prt
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 cliff	det
9	cliff	cliff	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 runs	obj
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 falls	cc
11	only	only	ADV	_	12 falls	advmod
12	falls	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 runs	conj
13	when	when	SCONJ	_	15 looks	mark
14	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 looks	nsubj
15	looks	look	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 falls	advcl
16	down	down	ADV	_	15 looks	advmod
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 runs	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	run off	present	a coyote	a cliff		a cartoon			vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent cliff=Theme in cartoon=Trajectory
2	fall	present	a coyote not said here						vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	look down	present	coyote					down property	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is wrong?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 wrong	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 wrong	cop
3	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 wrong	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						wrong property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

Nothing, gravity waits until you notice

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	3 gravity	compound
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Nothing	punct
3	gravity	gravity	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 waits	nsubj
4	waits	wait	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	until	until	SCONJ	_	7 notice	mark
6	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	7 notice	nsubj
7	notice	notice	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 waits	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	wait	present	Nothing gravity						vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	notice	present	you						vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer

Option 2

Cartoons are right; looking down adds weight

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Cartoons	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 right	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	cop
3	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	;	;	PUNCT	_	5 looking	punct
5	looking	look	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	7 adds	csubj
6	down	down	ADP	_	5 looking	compound:prt
7	adds	add	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	conj
8	weight	weight	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 adds	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Cartoons					right property	tree rules
2	look down	gerund							vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus
3	add speech: assert	present	looking	weight					vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent weight=Patient

Option 3

He should float up instead

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 float	nsubj
2	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 float	aux
3	float	float	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	up	up	ADP	_	3 float	compound:prt
5	instead	instead	ADV	_	3 float	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	float up	should	He					instead property	vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Gravity pulls him the moment he leaves the edge

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Gravity	gravity	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 pulls	nsubj
2	pulls	pull	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 pulls	obj
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 moment	det
5	moment	moment	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 pulls	obj
6	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 leaves	nsubj
7	leaves	leave	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 moment	acl:relcl
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 edge	det
9	edge	edge	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 leaves	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pull	present	Gravity	him = he			moment		vn push-12-1 «NP V NP ADJP-Result»: agent=Agent he=Result
2	leave	present	Gravity	the edge					vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent edge=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/1-why-things-fall/t2/