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Test 3 · Why things fall: the apple and the pull of the Earth

A sheet of paper is laid flat on top of a big book, and both are dropped. What happens?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · What happens: lay, drop, happen · To what, where: sheet, top, both

This is test 3 of lesson 1 «Why things fall: the apple and the pull of the Earth» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A sheet of paper is laid flat on top of a big book, and both are dropped.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 sheet	det
2	sheet	sheet	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 laid	nsubj:pass
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 paper	case
4	paper	paper	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 sheet	nmod
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 laid	aux:pass
6	laid	lay	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	flat	flat	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 laid	xcomp
8	on	on	ADP	_	9 top	case
9	top	top	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 laid	obl
10	of	of	ADP	_	13 book	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 book	det
12	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 book	amod
13	book	book	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 top	nmod
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 dropped	punct
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 dropped	cc
16	both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	18 dropped	nsubj:pass
17	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 dropped	aux:pass
18	dropped	drop	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 laid	parataxis
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 laid	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lay	present · passive		a sheet of paper		top of a big book		flat property	vn put_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme on top=Destination
2	drop	present · passive		both					vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What happens?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	2 happens	nsubj
2	happens	happen	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 happens	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	happen	present							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

The options

Option 1

The book stops and the paper goes on

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 book	det
2	book	book	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 stops	nsubj
3	stops	stop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 goes	cc
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 paper	det
6	paper	paper	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 goes	nsubj
7	goes	go	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 stops	conj
8	on	on	ADV	_	7 goes	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stop	present	the book						vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
2	go on	present	the paper						vn function-105.2.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2

The paper lands first

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 paper	det
2	paper	paper	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 lands	nsubj
3	lands	land	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	first	first	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	3 lands	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	land	present	the paper					first property	vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The paper falls with the book, shielded from the air

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 paper	det
2	paper	paper	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 falls	nsubj
3	falls	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	with	with	ADP	_	6 book	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 book	det
6	book	book	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 falls	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 shielded	punct
8	shielded	shield	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 book	acl
9	from	from	ADP	_	11 air	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 air	det
11	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 shielded	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fall	present	the paper					with the book	vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	shield	participle		the book not said here		the air			tree rules

Option 4

The paper flies off and flutters

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 paper	det
2	paper	paper	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 flies	nsubj
3	flies	fly	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	off	off	ADP	_	3 flies	compound:prt
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 flutters	cc
6	flutters	flutter	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 flies	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fly off	present	the paper						vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/1-why-things-fall/t3/