Test 8 · Why things fall: the apple and the pull of the Earth
In a game, a heavy sword falls fast and a light coin floats down slowly like a leaf. Is that real?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: heavy sword, light coin, that · What happens: fall, float down, be · To what, where: game
This is test 8 of lesson 1 «Why things fall: the apple and the pull of the Earth» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: In a game, a heavy sword falls fast and a light coin floats down slowly like a leaf.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 game | case |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 game | det |
| 3 | game | game | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 falls | obl |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 game | punct |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 sword | det |
| 6 | heavy | heavy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 sword | amod |
| 7 | sword | sword | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 falls | nsubj |
| 8 | falls | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | fast | fast | ADV | Degree=Pos | 8 falls | advmod |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 floats | cc |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 coin | det |
| 12 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 coin | compound |
| 13 | coin | coin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 floats | nsubj |
| 14 | floats | float | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 falls | conj |
| 15 | down | down | ADV | _ | 14 floats | advmod |
| 16 | slowly | slowly | ADV | _ | 14 floats | advmod |
| 17 | like | like | ADP | _ | 19 leaf | case |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 leaf | det |
| 19 | leaf | leaf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 floats | obl |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 falls | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fall | present | a heavy sword | a game | fast property | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in game=Location | |||
| 2 | float down | present | a light coin | like a leaf; down, slowly property | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Is that real?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 real | cop |
| 2 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 3 real | nsubj |
| 3 | real | real | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 4 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 3 real | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | that | real property | tree rules |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
No, the coin should really float upwards instead
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | No | no | INTJ | Polarity=Neg | 7 float | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 No | punct |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 coin | det |
| 4 | coin | coin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 float | nsubj |
| 5 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 7 float | aux |
| 6 | really | really | ADV | _ | 7 float | advmod |
| 7 | float | float | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 8 | upwards | upwards | ADV | _ | 7 float | advmod |
| 9 | instead | instead | ADV | _ | 7 float | advmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | float | should | the coin | instead, upwards property | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
Option 2
Yes, coins are too light to fall very fast
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yes | yes | INTJ | Polarity=Pos | 6 light | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Yes | punct |
| 3 | coins | coin | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 light | nsubj |
| 4 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 light | cop |
| 5 | too | too | ADV | _ | 6 light | advmod |
| 6 | light | light | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 7 | to | to | PART | _ | 8 fall | mark |
| 8 | fall | fall | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 light | advcl |
| 9 | very | very | ADV | _ | 10 fast | advmod |
| 10 | fast | fast | ADV | Degree=Pos | 8 fall | advmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | coins | light property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | fall | to-infinitive | coins not said here | fast property | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
Option 3 · ✓ the right answer
No, a coin is compact and falls fast too
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | No | no | INTJ | Polarity=Neg | 6 compact | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 No | punct |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 coin | det |
| 4 | coin | coin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 compact | nsubj |
| 5 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 compact | cop |
| 6 | compact | compact | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 falls | cc |
| 8 | falls | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 compact | conj |
| 9 | fast | fast | ADV | Degree=Pos | 8 falls | advmod |
| 10 | too | too | ADV | _ | 8 falls | advmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | a coin | compact property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | fall | present | a coin not said here | fast property | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
Option 4
Yes, small metal coins are pulled on much less
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yes | yes | INTJ | Polarity=Pos | 7 pulled | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Yes | punct |
| 3 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 coins | amod |
| 4 | metal | metal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 coins | compound |
| 5 | coins | coin | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 pulled | nsubj:pass |
| 6 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 pulled | aux:pass |
| 7 | pulled | pull | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 8 | on | on | ADP | _ | 7 pulled | compound:prt |
| 9 | much | much | ADV | _ | 10 less | advmod |
| 10 | less | less | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 7 pulled | advmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | pull on | present · passive | small metal coins | less property | vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/1-why-things-fall/t8/