Exam question 1 · Floating in the real world: ice, submarines and balloons

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the reason for which ice floats upon water?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: ice · What happens: follow, characteris, float · To what, where: reason, water

This is exam question 1 of lesson 12 «Floating in the real world: ice, submarines and balloons» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 reason	det
10	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	for	for	ADP	_	12 which	case
12	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	14 floats	obl
13	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 floats	nsubj
14	floats	float	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 reason	acl
15	upon	upon	ADP	_	16 water	case
16	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 floats	obl
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund					vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the reason		of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	float	present	ice		water	for the reason	vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon water=Trajectory

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Water expands upon freezing, so that ice is of lesser density

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 expands	nsubj
2	expands	expand	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	upon	upon	ADP	_	4 freezing	case
4	freezing	freezing	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 expands	obl
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 density	punct
6	so	so	SCONJ	ExtPos=SCONJ	12 density	mark
7	that	that	SCONJ	_	6 so	fixed
8	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 density	nsubj
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 density	cop
10	of	of	ADP	_	12 density	case
11	lesser	less	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	12 density	amod
12	density	density	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 expands	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	expand	present	Water					upon freezing	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	is	present	ice					of lesser density	tree rules

Option 2

Cold bodies are invariably repelled by water

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 bodies	amod
2	bodies	body	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 repelled	nsubj:pass
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 repelled	aux:pass
4	invariably	invariably	ADV	_	5 repelled	advmod
5	repelled	repel	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	by	by	ADP	_	7 water	case
7	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 repelled	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	repel	present · passive	water	Cold bodies				invariably property	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus subject=Experiencer

Option 3

Ice contains a large quantity of trapped helium

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 contains	nsubj
2	contains	contain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 quantity	det
4	large	large	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 quantity	amod
5	quantity	quantity	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 contains	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 helium	case
7	trapped	trap	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 helium	amod
8	helium	helium	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 quantity	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	contain	present	Ice	a large quantity of trapped helium					vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot quantity=Theme
2	trap	participle							vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 4

Ice is supported by the walls of its container

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 supported	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 supported	aux:pass
3	supported	support	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	6 walls	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 walls	det
6	walls	wall	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 supported	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 container	case
8	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 container	nmod:poss
9	container	container	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 walls	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	support	present · passive	the walls of Ice's container	Ice					vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer subject=Stimulus

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/12-ice-submarines-and-balloons/e1/