Test 10 · The air presses on everything
A football that is pumped up hard is weighed, then the air is let out. What changes?
Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · What happens: pump up, weigh, let out, change · To what, where: football, air
This is test 10 of lesson 14 «The air presses on everything» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: A football that is pumped up hard is weighed, then the air is let out.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 football | det |
| 2 | football | football | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 weighed | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 5 pumped | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 pumped | aux:pass |
| 5 | pumped | pump | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 football | acl:relcl |
| 6 | up | up | ADP | _ | 5 pumped | compound:prt |
| 7 | hard | hard | ADV | Degree=Pos | 5 pumped | advmod |
| 8 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 weighed | aux:pass |
| 9 | weighed | weigh | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 let | punct |
| 11 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 15 let | advmod |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 air | det |
| 13 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 let | nsubj:pass |
| 14 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 let | aux:pass |
| 15 | let | let | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 weighed | conj |
| 16 | out | out | ADP | _ | 15 let | compound:prt |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 weighed | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | pump up | present · passive | a football | hard property | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 2 | weigh | present · passive | a football | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: subject=Value | |||||
| 3 | let out | present · passive | the air | then | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: What changes?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What | what | DET | PronType=Int | 2 changes | nsubj |
| 2 | changes | change | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 2 changes | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | change | present | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
The options
Option 1
It weighs nothing at all with the air in
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 weighs | nsubj |
| 2 | weighs | weigh | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | nothing | nothing | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 2 weighs | obj |
| 4 | at | at | ADP | _ | 5 all | case |
| 5 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 3 nothing | nmod |
| 6 | with | with | ADP | _ | 8 air | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 air | det |
| 8 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 weighs | obl |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 2 weighs | compound:prt |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | weigh in | present | It | nothing | all | with the air | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP PP.value»: agent=Agent nothing=Theme at all=Value |
Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
It weighs a little less without the air
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 weighs | nsubj |
| 2 | weighs | weigh | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 little | det |
| 4 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 less | obl |
| 5 | less | less | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 2 weighs | advmod |
| 6 | without | without | ADP | _ | 8 air | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 air | det |
| 8 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 weighs | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | weigh | present | It | without the air; less property | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme |
Option 3
It weighs much more without the air
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 weighs | nsubj |
| 2 | weighs | weigh | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | much | much | ADV | _ | 4 more | advmod |
| 4 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 2 weighs | obj |
| 5 | without | without | ADP | _ | 7 air | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 air | det |
| 7 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 weighs | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | weigh | present | It | more | without the air | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme more=Value |
Option 4
Its weight stays exactly the same
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 2 weight | nmod:poss |
| 2 | weight | weight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 stays | nsubj |
| 3 | stays | stay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | exactly | exactly | ADV | _ | 6 same | advmod |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 same | det |
| 6 | same | same | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 stays | xcomp |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | stay | present | Its weight | same property | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/14-the-air-presses-on-everything/t10/