Exam question 3 · Wind and weather
It is given that the speed of a wind is doubled. Ascertain the approximate consequent alteration in the force it exerts.
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, alteration · What happens: give, double, ascertain, exert · To what, where: It, speed, approximate consequent alteration, force
This is exam question 3 of lesson 15 «Wind and weather» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: It is given that the speed of a wind is doubled.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 given | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 given | aux:pass |
| 3 | given | give | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 11 doubled | mark |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 speed | det |
| 6 | speed | speed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 doubled | nsubj:pass |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 wind | case |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 wind | det |
| 9 | wind | wind | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 speed | nmod |
| 10 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 doubled | aux:pass |
| 11 | doubled | double | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 given | advcl |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 given | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give | present · passive | It | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 2 | double | present · passive | the speed of a wind | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Ascertain the approximate consequent alteration in the force it exerts.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ascertain | ascertain | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 alteration | det |
| 3 | approximate | approximate | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 alteration | amod |
| 4 | consequent | consequent | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 alteration | compound |
| 5 | alteration | alteration | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Ascertain | obj |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 force | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 force | det |
| 8 | force | force | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Ascertain | obl |
| 9 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 exerts | nsubj |
| 10 | exerts | exert | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 force | acl:relcl |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Ascertain | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ascertain | imperative | you not said here | the approximate consequent alteration | the force | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent alteration=Topic | |||
| 2 | exert | present | alteration | the force not said here | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent force=Theme |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
The force is increased approximately fourfold
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 force | det |
| 2 | force | force | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 increased | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 increased | aux:pass |
| 4 | increased | increase | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | approximately | approximately | ADV | _ | 6 fourfold | advmod |
| 6 | fourfold | fourfold | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 increased | xcomp |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | increase | present · passive | the force | fourfold property | vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |
Option 2
The force is diminished to one half of its former value
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 force | det |
| 2 | force | force | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 diminished | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 diminished | aux:pass |
| 4 | diminished | diminish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | to | to | ADP | _ | 7 half | case |
| 6 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 7 half | nummod |
| 7 | half | half | NOUN | Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac | 4 diminished | obl |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 value | case |
| 9 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 11 value | nmod:poss |
| 10 | former | former | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 value | amod |
| 11 | value | value | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 half | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | diminish | present · passive | the force | to one half of force's former value result | vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP.patient V NP.extent PP.initial_state PP.result»: subject=Extent to half=Result | ||||
| 2 | value | force | nom value «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |
Option 3
The force remains wholly unaltered by the change
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 force | det |
| 2 | force | force | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 unaltered | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | remains | remain | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 unaltered | aux |
| 4 | wholly | wholly | ADV | _ | 5 unaltered | advmod |
| 5 | unaltered | unalter | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | by | by | ADP | _ | 8 change | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 change | det |
| 8 | change | change | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 unaltered | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | unalter | present · passive | the change | the force | wholly property | tree rules |
Option 4
The force is increased approximately twofold, and no more
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 force | det |
| 2 | force | force | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 increased | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 increased | aux:pass |
| 4 | increased | increase | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | approximately | approximately | ADV | _ | 6 twofold | advmod |
| 6 | twofold | twofold | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 increased | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 more | punct |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 more | cc |
| 9 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 10 more | det |
| 10 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 4 increased | conj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | increase | present · passive | the force | twofold obl | vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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