Exam question 4 · Wind and weather

State the principal reason for which an aircraft commences its take-off facing into the wind.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: aircraft, take off · What happens: commence, face · To what, where: take off, wind

This is exam question 4 of lesson 15 «Wind and weather» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	State	state	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 State	nmod
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 commences	obl
7	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 aircraft	det
8	aircraft	aircraft	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 commences	nsubj
9	commences	commence	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 reason	acl
10	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 off	nmod:poss
11	take	take	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 off	compound
12	-	-	PUNCT	_	13 off	punct
13	off	off	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 commences	obj
14	facing	face	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	13 off	acl
15	into	into	ADP	_	17 wind	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 wind	det
17	wind	wind	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 facing	obl
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 State	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	commence	present	a aircraft	aircraft's take off				for the principal reason	vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent off=Eventuality
2	face	gerund	aircraft's take off not said here			the wind			vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The passengers are thereby protected from noise

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 passengers	det
2	passengers	passenger	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 protected	nsubj:pass
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 protected	aux:pass
4	thereby	thereby	ADV	_	5 protected	advmod
5	protected	protect	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	from	from	ADP	_	7 noise	case
7	noise	noise	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 protected	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	protect	present · passive		the passengers				from noise; thereby property	vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Beneficiary from noise=Theme

Option 2

The fuel is thereby conserved entirely

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 fuel	det
2	fuel	fuel	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 conserved	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 conserved	aux:pass
4	thereby	thereby	ADV	_	5 conserved	advmod
5	conserved	conserve	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	entirely	entirely	ADV	_	5 conserved	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	conserve	present · passive		the fuel				entirely, thereby property	tree rules

Option 3

The engines are thereby cooled

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 engines	det
2	engines	engine	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 cooled	nsubj:pass
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 cooled	aux:pass
4	thereby	thereby	ADV	_	5 cooled	advmod
5	cooled	cool	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cool	present · passive		the engines				thereby property	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

The airflow over the wings, and therefore the lift, is thereby increased

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 airflow	det
2	airflow	airflow	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 increased	nsubj:pass
3	over	over	ADP	_	5 wings	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 wings	det
5	wings	wing	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 airflow	nmod
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 lift	punct
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 lift	cc
8	therefore	therefore	ADV	_	10 lift	advmod
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 lift	det
10	lift	lift	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 airflow	conj
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 airflow	punct
12	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 increased	aux:pass
13	thereby	thereby	ADV	_	14 increased	advmod
14	increased	increase	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	increase	present · passive		the airflow over the wings and the lift				thereby property	vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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